उच्च पिछड़ी जाति

उच्च पिछड़ी जाति (Upper Backward Caste) एक शब्द है जिसका उपयोग बिहार में मध्यम जातियों का वर्णन करने के लिए किया जाता है, जिनकी सामाजिक और अनुष्ठानिक स्थिति बहुत कम नहीं थी और जो अतीत में पारंपरिक रूप से कृषि और पशुपालन संबंधी गतिविधियों में शामिल रही हैं। वे कुछ हद तक निम्न स्तर के व्यापार में भी शामिल रहे हैं। कुशवाहा, कुर्मी,यादव और बनिया को अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग समूह के बीच उच्च-पिछड़े के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है;https://books.google.co.in/books?id=num2I4NFGqIC&q=community+warriors&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=kurmi%20ahir%20koiri&f=false Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar Kumar Ashwani 2008 Anthem Press en जबकि अन्य जाति समूह जो ओबीसी का गठन करते हैं, एक समूह जिसमें बिहार राज्य की 51% आबादी शामिल है। निचले पिछड़े के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया गया है। उच्च-पिछड़े जिन्हें उच्च ओबीसी भी कहा जाता है, बिहार की लगभग 20.3% आबादी का प्रतिनिधित्व करते हैं। Carolyn Brown Heinz Peter Berger Frank Heidemann 3 June 2013 The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory Routledge 978-1-134-06118-1 https://books.google.com/books?id=sQF5-d9BMqcC&pg=PT48 The four dominant high caste groups (the forward castes)-Brahman, Bhumihar, Rajput, Kayastha-together constitute about 12 percent of the population. These are the old elite, from whose numbers came the major zamindars and land owning castes. The so-called Backward castes consisting of about half the population of Bihar, were further classified soon after independence into Upper Backward and Lower Backwards(Blair 1980). The upper backwards – Bania, Yadav, Kurmi and Koiri – constitute about 19 percent of the population, and now include most of the rising Kulak class of successful peasants who have acquired land, adopted improved agricultural technology, and become a powerful force in Bihar politics. This is true, above all, of the Yadavas. The lower backwards are shudra castes such as Barhi, Dhanuk, Kahar, Kumhar, Lohar, Mallah, Teli etc, about 32 percent of the population. The largest components of the scheduled castes(14 percent) are the Dusadh, Chamar, and Musahar, the Dalit groups who are in many parts of the statelocked in struggles for land and living wages and living wages with the rich peasants and landlords of the forward and upper backward casteshttps://books.google.com/books?id=IkcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT31 Rebels From the Mud Houses: Dalits and the Making of the Maoist Revolution in Bihar George J. Kunnath Routledge 2017 978-1-351-41874-4 31 23 February 2021https://books.google.com/books?id=1n3aAAAAMAAJ&q=upper+backwards+koeri+kurmi+yadav Report of Backward Class Commission Backward Classes Commission 1981 Controller of Publications, 1981 23 February 2021 Among the upper backward castes, the Yadavas and Kurmis had begun to organise themselves along the caste lines during the first decade of this century (Rao, 1979) . The All – India Yadav Mahasabha has its headquarters at Patna, and the Bihari Yadavas, along with their counterparts in ... The political fall out of the Yadava, Kurmi and Koeri movements were, however, limited in the beginning https://books.google.com/books?id=IHLaAAAAMAAJ Reservation, Action for Social Equality Ishwari Prasad Criterion Publications 1986 23 February 2021 Here we are concerned only with upper backwards which have four castes ; Yadav (11.0 per cent), Koeri (4.0 per cent), Kurmi (3.5 per cent) and Bania (0.6 per cent) .https://books.google.com/books?id=tDN0MinxMigC&q=rise+of+plebeians Rise of the Plebeians,The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies Christophe Jaffrelot Sanjay Kumar Routledge 2012 978-1-136-51661-0 66 23 February 2021 ये कृषि जातियाँ राज्य में 1950 के दशक में चलाए गए भूमि सुधार अभियान के सबसे बड़े लाभार्थी थे और उन्होंने सीलिंग कानूनों के तहत अतिरिक्त भूमि का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा हासिल करके अपनी आर्थिक स्थिति को मजबूत किया, जिसने एक निश्चित सीमा से ऊपर भूमि के स्वामित्व पर रोक लगा दी। .https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/10/24/caste-anti-congressism-and-quotas-a-history-of-the-plotting-of-social-coalitions-in-bihar-till-2005 https://web.archive.org/web/20210222232901/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/10/24/caste-anti-congressism-and-quotas-a-history-of-the-plotting-of-social-coalitions-in-bihar-till-2005 Caste, land and quotas: A history of the plotting of social coalitions in Bihar till 2005 Anand Vardhan newslaundary 24 October 2020 23 February 2021 23 February 2021Rebels From the Mud Houses: Dalits and the Making of the Maoist Revolution ... 38 George Kunnath Taylor and Francis group New york 2018 978-1-138-09955-5 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT38 29 May 2020 However, the greatest beneficiaries of the abolition of the zamindars and the introduction of the various land-reform legislation in the 1950s were members of a substantial class of mediumsized owner cultivators, many of whom belonged to the upper layers of backward castes, mostly the yadav, kurmi, koeri. They gained additional land as a result of partitions, transfers and sales of surplus land by zamindars. It is estimated that during this period, 'control over at least 10 percent of land passed into the hands of the middle peasantry' from the landlords. (prasad1979:483). 'उच्च ओबीसी' शब्द तकनीकी रूप से बिहार के पिछड़े वर्गों पर मुंगेरी लाल आयोग की रिपोर्ट के अनुबंध- II में शामिल जातियों से मेल खाता है, जबकि निम्न ओबीसी शब्द अत्यंत पिछड़े वर्गों से मेल खाता है जो उसके अनुबंध- I में शामिल थे। विशेष रिपोर्ट. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28305/1/WP8_SG.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20210303161525/http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/28305/1/WP8_SG.pdf (Monograph 01/2013) Subaltern Resurgence, A Reconnaissance of Panchayat Election in Bihar Asian Development Research Institute Even in the Panchayat Election of 1978 itself, that was held no less than twenty-three years ago, there was visible shift in the political centre of gravity. Karpoori Thakur, the then Chief Minister, had implemented the Mungeri Lall Commission Report, which entailed reservation in the state government jobs, for the lower backwards (Annexure I castes) and the upper backwards (Annexure II castes) in Bihar 3 March 2021 3 March 2021 सन्दर्भ श्रेणी:जाति श्रेणी:अन्य पिछड़ा वर्ग