ठाकुर

अंगूठाकार|1880 के आसपास पश्चिमी राजस्थान, संभवतः बीकानेर में फ़तेह मुहम्मद द्वारा बनाया गया ठाकुर राजा बख्तावर सिंह का चित्र। ठाकुर एक ऐतिहासिक सामंती उपाधि है। इसे वर्तमान समय में उपनाम के रूप में भी प्रयोग किया जाता है। इसका का महिला संस्करण ठकुरानी या ठकुराइन है, और इसका उपयोग ठाकुर की पत्नी के लिए भी किया जाता है। इसकी शब्द की उत्पत्ति के बारे में विद्वानों में अलग-अलग राय है। कुछ विद्वानों का सुझाव है कि 500 ईसा पूर्व से पहले के संस्कृत ग्रंथों में इसका उल्लेख नहीं है, लेकिन अनुमान है कि यह गुप्त साम्राज्य से पहले उत्तरी भारत में बोली जाने वाली बोलियों की शब्दावली का हिस्सा रहा होगा। ऐसा माना जाता है कि इसकी उत्पत्ति ठक्कुरा शब्द से हुई है, जो कई विद्वानों के अनुसार, संस्कृत भाषा का मूल शब्द नहीं था, बल्कि आंतरिक एशिया के तुखारा क्षेत्रों से भारतीय शब्दावली में उधार लिया गया शब्द था। एक अन्य दृष्टिकोण यह है कि ठक्कुरा प्राकृत भाषा से लिया गया एक शब्द है। विद्वानों ने इस शब्द के लिए अलग-अलग अर्थ सुझाए हैं, अर्थात "भगवान", "भगवान", और "संपत्ति का स्वामी"। शिक्षाविदों ने सुझाव दिया है कि यह केवल एक शीर्षक था, और अपने आप में, अपने उपयोगकर्ताओं को "राज्य में कुछ शक्ति का उपयोग करने" का कोई अधिकार नहीं देता था। भारत में, इस उपाधि का उपयोग करने वाले सामाजिक समूहों में राजपूत,https://books.google.com/books?id=7whuAAAAMAAJ Dominance and State Power in Modern India Frankel Francine R. Rao M. S. A. Madhugiri Shamarao Rao Ananthapadmanabha Oxford University Press 1989 978-0-19-562098-6 137 Thakur and rajput have been used interchangeably to refer to castes of Kshatriya rank 22 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214540/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Dominance_and_State_Power_in_Modern_Indi/7whuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en 10 April 2023/ https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/a-perspective-on-the-western-front-by-an-indian-army-office-on-the-western-front-by-dr-dewitt-c-ellinwood/ A Perspective on the Western Front by an Indian Army Office on the Western Front Ellinwood DeWitt C. January 2002 Western Front Association https://web.archive.org/web/20201110034942/https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/a-perspective-on-the-western-front-by-an-indian-army-office-on-the-western-front-by-dr-dewitt-c-ellinwood/ 10 November 2020 9 November 2020 ...Thakur (title of respect for Rajput aristocrats whose father is deceased; usually a landowner)... राजपुरोहित Rajpurohit Jaati ka Itihaas Singh Prahalad Rajasthani Granthagar, Jodhpur 1978 978-93-90179-06-0 A History of Rajasthan Hooja Reema Rupa & Company 2006 8129108909 English राजपुरोहित राजपूतhttps://books.google.com/books?id=ZypINdckRSgC Haveli: Wooden Houses and Mansions of Gujarat Mapin Publications 1989 978-0-944142-15-8 New Delhi, India, Asia 32: Accounts by Muslim historians are full of incidents of turbulent Kolis plundering towns upto the 18th century, and Alexander Forbes in his Ras Mala gives a list of important still owning territory in 1856 en 24 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230218044257/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZypINdckRSgC 18 February 2023 राजपूत https://books.google.com/books?id=7kWBAAAAMAAJ Vedic, Hindu, and Tribal Marriage: A Study in Culture Change Apte Usha Mukund AWARE 1982 नई दिल्ली, India, Asia 222: According to locals, Ka - Thakur stands for and Ma - Thakur for language=en 24 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230218044258/https://books.google.com/books?id=7kWBAAAAMAAJ 18 February 2023राजपूत https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ Bhils of Ratanmal: An Analysis of the Social Structure of a Western Indian Community Nath Y. V. S. Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 1960 नई दिल्ली, India, Asia 62: Quite a few Bhilala land holders have Naika woman as their concubines and in Baria, such relations are said to exist between and women en 24 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20220920182137/https://books.google.com/books?id=eXEbAAAAMAAJ 20 September 2022राजपूतhttps://books.google.com/books?id=BE8LAQAAIAAJ The Administrative History of India, 1834-1947: General Administration Misra Bankey Bihari Oxford University Press 1970 978-0-19-560134-3 New Delhi, India, Asia 468: Similar to these were certain estates held on payment of rentals settled in the lump with their heads called. They remained free from the influence of the Government of the Peshwas, a circumstance which prevented the en 24 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230218044258/https://books.google.com/books?id=BE8LAQAAIAAJ 18 February 2023 Saksena B. S. 1965 The Phenomenon Of Feudal Loyalty : A Case Study In Sirohi State https://www.jstor.org/stable/41854129 The Indian Journal of Political Science 26 4 121–128 0019-5510 41854129 all were Rajputs. Jagirs were also granted to Brahmins. They were also known as thakurs. मैथिल ब्राह्मण शामिल हैं https://books.google.com/books?id=laksAAAAIAAJ Socio-cultural Study of a Minority Linguistic Group: Bengalees in Bihar, 1858-1912 Sudeshna Basak B.R. Publishing Corporation 1991 9788170186274 91 Woogramohan Thakur, a Maithili Brahmin zamindar... 9 April 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230319133132/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=laksAAAAIAAJ 19 March 2023 राजपूतhttps://books.google.com/books?id=MbBIAQAAIAAJ Vidyapati, the Greatest Poet of Mithila Ram Dayal Rakesh Greater Janakpur Area Development Council 2007 9789937201483 17 Vidyapati : As a Devotional Poet " His main works were complicated treatises in Sanskrit and although he did not totally abandon songs writing in Maithili, his Maithili poetry after 1406 comprised hymns to Siva, Vishnu, Durga and ... He was born in the Maithil Brahmin's family which belongs to Kashyapa Gotra. His family was very renowned in scholarship and statesmanship in Mithila for culture and literature. His family is closely associated with the court of the Karnata kings. His surname was Thakur. 9 April 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230319134800/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MbBIAQAAIAAJ 19 March 2023 और बंगाली ब्राह्मणDas Sisir Kumar April 1968 Forms of Address and Terms of Reference in Bengali Anthropological Linguistics Trustees of Indiana University 10 4 19–31 30029176 freeराजपूत https://www.thedailystar.net/news/from-thakur-to-tagore From Thakur to Tagore Syed Ashraf Ali 4 May 2013 The Daily Star 22 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20190706133756/https://www.thedailystar.net/news/from-thakur-to-tagore 6 July 2019 शामिल हैं। व्युत्पत्ति और अर्थ शिशिर कुमार दास ने कहा कि ठाकुर शब्द गत संस्कृत शब्द ठक्कुर से लिया गया है।28 हर्क बहादुर गुरुंग ने कहा कि ठाकुर शब्द का नेपाली प्रतिरूप ठकुरी है।Faces of Nepal Gurung Harka Bahadur Himal illustrated by Jan Salter 1996 978-9993343509 29 The term Thakuri is a Nepali variation of the Hindi word thakur, which means 'master of the estate'. Indeed, Thakuris of Nepal are associated with some territory inherited from the days of Baisi and Chaubisi principalities; the term thakurai actually refers to 'fiefdom'. It is said that among those Rajputs fleeing to the hills after the Muslim invasion in India, successful adventurers among them were given the name and status of Thakuri by their Brahman followers. ठाकुर शब्द का अर्थ "भगवान" एसके दास द्वारा सुझाया गया था;31 ब्लेयर बी. क्लिंग द्वारा "लॉर्ड"; Partner in Empire: Dwarkanath Tagore and the Age of Enterprise in Eastern India Kling Blair B. University of California Press 1976 978-0520029279 10 The Home and the World 26 September 2020 https://books.google.com/books?id=KVBKeqaYeVwC&pg=PA10 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214529/https://books.google.com/books?id=KVBKeqaYeVwC&pg=PA10 10 April 2023 और एचबी गुरुंग द्वारा "मास्टर ऑफ द एस्टेट"। मूल निर्मल चंद्र सिन्हा ने कहा कि ठाकुर शब्द वैदिक और शास्त्रीय संस्कृत के लिए "अज्ञात" है और 500 ईसा पूर्व से पहले के संस्कृत साहित्य में इसका कोई उल्लेख नहीं है। हालाँकि, उनका सुझाव है कि "यह शब्द संभवतः शाही गुप्तों से पहले कई उत्तर भारतीय बोलियों में प्रचलित था"। सिन्हा कहते हैं कि बुद्ध प्रकाश, फ्रेडरिक थॉमस, हेरोल्ड बेली, प्रबोध बागची, सुनीति चटर्जी और सिल्वेन लेवी जैसे कई विद्वानों ने सुझाव दिया है कि ठाकुर आंतरिक एशिया के तुखारा क्षेत्रों से भारतीय शब्दावली में उधार लिया गया शब्द है।Sinha Nirmal Chandra 1987 Inner Asia and India Through the Ages http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1987_01_full.pdf Bulletin of Tibetology New Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology 23 18 https://web.archive.org/web/20211117002441/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/bot/pdf/bot_1987_01_full.pdf 17 November 2021 26 September 2020 University of Cambridge सिन्हा ने कहा: "यह ध्यान दिया जा सकता है कि दक्षिण भारत में रूढ़िवादी ब्राह्मणों के बीच, ठाकुर या ठाकुर स्पष्ट रूप से तुखारा या तुरुस्का पृष्ठभूमि के कारण एक लोकप्रिय शब्द नहीं है।" ब्योमकेस चक्रवर्ती ने कहा कि संस्कृत शब्द ठक्कुरा का उल्लेख "उत्तर संस्कृत" में मिलता है। हालाँकि, उन्हें संदेह था कि ठक्कुरा "एक मूल संस्कृत शब्द" है और उनकी राय थी कि ठक्कुरा शायद प्राकृत भाषा से लिया गया शब्द है। A Comparative Study of Santali and Bengali Chakrabarti Byomkes K. P. Bagchi & Company 1992 978-8170741282 14 Mr. Risley has also drawn attention to the fact that the supreme God "Thakur" of the Santali traditions bears a Hindi name derived from the Sanskrit origin "thakkura". But there is much doubt whether "thakkura" itself is an original Sanskrit word. The word occurs in late Sanskrit possibly being borrowed from Prakrit. But if we make a careful analysis of the different languages of the western regions of Asia from Turkish to Bengali we would surely find out traces of similarities of most of these languages with Santali and this will go to show that the tribes had their historical wanderings from the Western part of Asia to the Eastern part of India. प्रयोग अंगूठाकार|232x232पिक्सेल|राजकोट के ठाकुर लाखाजीराजसिंहजी द्वितीय बावजीराजसिंहजी सुसान स्नो वाडली ने उल्लेख किया कि ठाकुर शीर्षक का उपयोग "अनिश्चित लेकिन मध्यम स्तर की जाति के व्यक्ति, आमतौर पर एक जमींदार जाति को दर्शाता है" के लिए किया जाता था। वाडले ने आगे कहा कि ठाकुर को " राजा " की तुलना में "अधिक विनम्र" शीर्षक के रूप में देखा जाता था। https://books.google.com/books?id=UbsgVL4AGkoC&pg=PA60 Raja Nal and the Goddess: The North Indian Epic Dhola in Performance Wadley Susan S. Indiana University Press 2004 978-0253217240 illustrated Bloomington, Indiana 60 2004009434 Eventually he was awarded the title of rājā (king), although he preferred the more modest "Thakur" (a man of indeterminate but mid-level caste, usually implying a landowning caste, often Rajput). 26 September 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214540/https://books.google.com/books?id=UbsgVL4AGkoC&pg=PA60 10 April 2023 एसके दास ने कहा कि जबकि ठाकुर शब्द का अर्थ "भगवान" है, इसका उपयोग किसी महिला के ससुर के लिए भी किया जाता है।Das Sisir Kumar April 1968 Forms of Address and Terms of Reference in Bengali Anthropological Linguistics Trustees of Indiana University 10 4 19–31 30029176 free}</ref>, ब्राह्मण, राजपूत, https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/a-perspective-on-the-western-front-by-an-indian-army-office-on-the-western-front-by-dr-dewitt-c-ellinwood/ A Perspective on the Western Front by an Indian Army Office on the Western Front Ellinwood DeWitt C. January 2002 Western Front Association https://web.archive.org/web/20201110034942/https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/a-perspective-on-the-western-front-by-an-indian-army-office-on-the-western-front-by-dr-dewitt-c-ellinwood/ 10 November 2020 9 November 2020 ...Thakur (title of respect for Rajput aristocrats whose father is deceased; usually a landowner)...Thakur Kesari Singh was born on 21 November 1872 at Devpura, a small village near Shahpura in Udaipur state (Rajasthan) in a patriotic Charan family. His father, Thakur Kishan Singh a follower of Swami Dayananda was one of the chief counsellors of the ruler of Udaipur. 28 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214536/https://books.google.com/books?id=6v5tAAAAMAAJ 10 April 2023 और के लिए भी किया जाता है। https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-42386072 गुजरात और उत्तर प्रदेश की राजनीति कैसे अलग है? Mishra Kuldeep December 18, 2017 BBC News हिंदी 2021-12-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20211214151952/https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-42386072 14 December 2021 hi कुछ शिक्षाविदों ने सुझाव दिया है कि "ठाकुर केवल एक उपाधि थी, कोई पद नहीं जिसके तहत कोई धारक राज्य में कुछ शक्ति का प्रयोग करने का हकदार था"।https://books.google.com/books?id=5-YeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22thakur+was+merely+a+title+and+not+an+office%22 Rajput Polity: A Study of Politics and Administration of the State of Marwar, 1638–1749 Sharma Ghanshyam Datt Manohar 1977 978-0883868874 18 Bose agrees with Dr. Kane (History of the Dharmasastras, iii, 984) that thakur was merely a title and not an office whereby a holder was entitled to wield some power in the state. 26 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214531/https://books.google.com/books?id=5-YeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22thakur+was+merely+a+title+and+not+an+office%22 10 April 2023 हालाँकि, कुछ अन्य शिक्षाविदों ने नोट किया है कि इस उपाधि का उपयोग हिमाचल प्रदेश के पश्चिमी क्षेत्रों में "छोटे प्रमुखों" द्वारा किया गया था। History and Culture of the Chamba State, a Western Himalayan Kingdom: Collected Papers of the Seminar Held at Chamba in 1983 Ohri Vishwa Chander Khanna Amar Nath Books & Books 1989 9788185016252 131 Influence of Rajasthani on Pahari ...in the hills refer to a time when petty chiefs bearing the title of Rana or Thakur exercised authority over their iminutive domains... इस उपाधि का उपयोग कई रियासतों के शासकों द्वारा किया जाता था, जिनमें अंबलियारा, वाला, मोरबी, बारसोडा और राजकोट राज्य शामिल थे। ठाकुरों के पुत्रों को कुमार ('राजकुमार') की संस्कृत उपाधि दी जाती थी, जिसका लोकप्रिय उपयोग उत्तर में कुँवर और बंगाल और दक्षिण भारत में कुमार था। https://books.google.com/books?id=oFwDWt2N29cC The Aristocracy of Southern India, Volume 2 Vadivelu A. 24 August 2016 28 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20230410214453/https://books.google.com/books?id=oFwDWt2N29cC 10 April 2023 ठाकुर के नियंत्रण में भूमि के क्षेत्र को ठिकाना कहा जाता था।Dynamics of State Formation: India and Europe Compared Doornbos Martin Kaviraj Sudipta SAGE 1997 978-8170365747 81 Rights to land within any particular Thakur domain, the thikana, became complicated by the 1600s. यह सभी देखें सरदार चौधरी मनकारी ठक्कर ठाकुरी ठाकुर बिहार में राजपूत संदर्भ श्रेणी:उपाधियाँ श्रेणी:भारतीय उपनाम