ऊर्जा के परिमाण की कोटि

इस सूची में विभिन्न प्रणालियों में निहित ऊर्जा (जूल में) को परिमाण की कोटि के क्रम में व्यवस्थित किया गया है। 10−34 to 10−1 J +ऊर्जा के परिमाणों की कोटियाँगुणक (जूल) एस आई प्री-फिक्समानप्रणाली10−34 6.626×10−34 J १ हर्ट्ज आवृत्ति वाले एक फोटॉन की ऊर्जाhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462917/Plancks-constant britannica.com Planck's constant | physics | Britannica.com 26 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20150503001457/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/462917/Plancks-constant 3 मई 2015 live10−33 2×10−33 J Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached, 100 picokelvins 1999 onCalculated: KE_avg ≈ (3/2) * T * 1.38E-23 = (3/2) * 1E-10 * 1.38E-23 ≈ 2.07E-33 J10−28   6.6×10−28 J Energy of a typical AM radio photon (1 MHz) (4×10−9 eV)Calculated: E_photon = hv = 6.626e-34 J-s * 1e6 Hz = 6.6e-28 J. In eV: 6.6e-28 J / 1.6e-19 J/eV = 4.1e-9 eV.10−2410-24 Yocto- (yJ) 1.6×10−24 J Energy of a typical microwave oven photon (2.45 GHz) (1×10−5 eV)Frequency of a Microwave Oven http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/HowardCheung.shtml The Physics Factbook 15 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126062634/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/1998/HowardCheung.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 deadCalculated: E_photon = hv = 6.626e-34 J-s * 2.45e8 Hz = 1.62e-24 J. In eV: 1.62e-24 J / 1.6e-19 J/eV = 1.0e-5 eV.10−23 2×10−23 J Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvinBoomerang Nebula boasts the coolest spot in the Universe http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/releases/97/coldspot.html JPL 13 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20090827115717/http://jpl.nasa.gov/news/releases/97/coldspot.html 27 अगस्त 2009 liveCalculated: KE_avg ≈ (3/2) * T * 1.38E-23 = (3/2) * 1 * 1.38E-23 ≈ 2.07E-23 J 10−22   2-3000×10−22 J Energy of infrared light photons10−2110-21 Zepto- (zJ)1.7×10−21 J 1 kJ/mol, converted to energy per moleculeCalculated: 1e3 J / 6.022e23 entities per mole = 1.7e-21 J per entity2.1×10−21 J Thermal energy in each degree of freedom of a molecule at 25 °C (kT/2) (0.01 eV)Calculated: 1.381e-23 J/K * 298.15 K / 2 = 2.1e-21 J2.856×10−21 J By Landauer's principle, the minimum amount of energy required at 25 °C to change one bit of information3–7×10−21 J Energy of a van der Waals interaction between atoms (0.02–0.04 eV)Bond Lengths and Energies http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/CHEM125/bonds.html Chem 125 notes UCLA 13 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110823121639/http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/CHEM125/bonds.html 23 अगस्त 2011 deadCalculated: 2 to 4 kJ/mol = 2e3 J / 6.022e23 molecules/mol = 3.3e-21 J. In eV: 3.3e-21 J / 1.6e-19 J/eV = 0.02 eV. 4e3 J / 6.022e23 molecules/mol = 6.7e-21 J. In eV: 6.7e-21 J / 1.6e-19 J/eV = 0.04 eV.4.1×10−21 J The "kT" constant at 25 °C, a common rough approximation for the total thermal energy of each molecule in a system (0.03 eV)Ansari Anjum Basic Physical Scales Relevant to Cells and Molecules http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys450/MARKO/N003.html Physics 450 13 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120401213027/http://www.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys450/MARKO/N003.html 1 अप्रैल 2012 live7–22×10−21 J Energy of a hydrogen bond (0.04 to 0.13 eV)Calculated: 4 to 13 kJ/mol. 4 kJ/mol = 4e3 J / 6.022e23 molecules/mol = 6.7e-21 J. In eV: 6.7e-21 J / 1.6e-19 eV/J = 0.042 eV. 13 kJ/mol = 13e3 J / 6.022e23 molecules/mol = 2.2e-20 J. In eV: 13e3 J / 6.022e23 molecules/mol / 1.6e-19 eV/J = 0.13 eV. 10−20   4.5×10−20 J Upper bound of the mass-energy of a neutrino in particle physics (0.28 eV) Thomas S. Abdalla F. Lahav O. Upper Bound of 0.28 eV on Neutrino Masses from the Largest Photometric Redshift Survey 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.031301 Physical Review Letters 105 3 2010 20867754 0911.5291 2010PhRvL.105c1301T 031301Calculated: 0.28 eV * 1.6e-19 J/eV = 4.5e-20 J10−19 1.6×10−19 J ≈1 electronvolt (eV)CODATA Value: electron volt http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?tevj NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120103203213/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?tevj 3 जनवरी 2012 dead3–5×10−19 J Energy range of photons in visible lightBASIC LAB KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/chemistry/chem467l/mardahl/basic.html Visible wavelengths are roughly from 390 nm to 780 nm 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130515121940/http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/chemistry/chem467l/mardahl/basic.html 15 मई 2013 deadCalculated: E = h * c / lambda. E_780_nm = 6.6e-34 kg-m^2/s * 3e8 m/s / (780e-9 m) = 2.5e-19 J. E_390 _nm = 6.6e-34 kg-m^2/s * 3e8 m/s / (390e-9 m) = 5.1e-19 J3–14×10−19 J Energy of a covalent bond (2–9 eV)Calculated: 50 kcal/mol * 4.184 J/calorie / 6.0e22e23 molecules/mol = 3.47e-19 J. (3.47e-19 J / 1.60e-19 eV/J = 2.2 eV.) and 200 kcal/mol * 4.184 J/calorie / 6.0e22e23 molecules/mol = 1.389e-18 J. (7.64e-19 J / 1.60e-19 eV/J = 8.68 eV.) 5–200×10−19 J Energy of ultraviolet light photons10−1810-18 Atto- (aJ)     10−17   2-2000×10−17 J Energy range of X-ray photonsWavelength, Frequency, and Energy http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/spectrum_chart.html Imagine the Universe NASA 15 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111116000744/http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/spectrum_chart.html 16 नवंबर 2011 live 10−16       10−1510-15 Femto- (fJ) 3 * 10−15 J Average kinetic energy of one human red blood cell. Phillips Kevin Jacques Steven McCarty Owen How much does a cell weigh? https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.118105 Physical Review Letters 109 2012 American Physical Society 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.118105 Roughly 27 picograms 14 अगस्त 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170829202228/https://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.118105 29 अगस्त 2017 dead Our Bodies' Velocities, By the Numbers Bob Berman 19 August 2016 http://discovermagazine.com/2014/julyaug/18-body-of-work The [...] blood [...] flow[s] at an average speed of 3 to 4 mph https://web.archive.org/web/20160821135131/http://discovermagazine.com/2014/julyaug/18-body-of-work 21 अगस्त 2016 liveCalculated: 1/2 * 27e-12 g * (3.5 miles per hour)^2 = 3e-15 J10−14  1×10−14 J Sound energy (vibration) transmitted to the eardrums by listening to a whisper for one second.Physics of the Body https://www3.nd.edu/~nsl/Lectures/mphysics/Medical%20Physics/Part%20I.%20Physics%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%204.%20Acoustics%20of%20the%20Body/4.3%20Physics%20of%20the%20ear/Physics%20of%20the%20ear.pdf Notre Dame 19 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161106160152/https://www3.nd.edu/~nsl/Lectures/mphysics/Medical%20Physics/Part%20I.%20Physics%20of%20the%20Body/Chapter%204.%20Acoustics%20of%20the%20Body/4.3%20Physics%20of%20the%20ear/Physics%20of%20the%20ear.pdf 6 नवंबर 2016 dead. "The eardrum is a [...] membran[e] with an area of 65 mm2."Intensity and the Decibel Scale http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/Intensity-and-the-Decibel-Scale Physics Classroom 19 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160820014448/http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/Intensity-and-the-Decibel-Scale 20 अगस्त 2016 deadCalculated: two eardrums ≈ 1 cm2. 1e-6 W/m2 * 1e-4 m2 * 1 s = 1e-14 J > 2×10−14 J Energy of gamma ray photons2.7×10−14 J Upper bound of the mass-energy of a muon neutrinoNeutrinos in physics and astrophysics: from 10–33 to 1028 cm: TASI 98 : Boulder, Colorado, USA, 1–26 June 1998 2000 World Scientific 978-981-02-3887-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=QC5zi1N-1KMC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=muon+neutrino+mass+170kev&source=bl&ots=0NDArur2q5&sig=Pv64mojKL34XqBYpCa4_B_7zg2s&hl=en&ei=Laa9TuunHqOriAKoh4WFAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false Thomas J Bowles The Experimental Search for Finite Neutrino Mass P. Langacker 11 November 2011 354 an upper limit ov m_v_u < 170 keV https://web.archive.org/web/20161203195838/https://books.google.com/books?id=QC5zi1N-1KMC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354&dq=muon+neutrino+mass+170kev&source=bl&ots=0NDArur2q5&sig=Pv64mojKL34XqBYpCa4_B_7zg2s&hl=en&ei=Laa9TuunHqOriAKoh4WFAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCUQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false 3 दिसंबर 2016 liveCalculated: 170e3 eV * 1.6e-19 J/eV = 2.7e-14 J8.2×10−14 J Rest mass-energy of an electronelectron mass energy equivalent http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mec2 NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110805131300/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mec2 5 अगस्त 2011 live10−13   1.6×10−13 J 1 megaelectronvolt (MeV)Conversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=6&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215050/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=6&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead10−1210-12 Pico- (pJ) 2.3×10−12 J Kinetic energy of neutrons produced by D-T fusion, used to trigger fission (14.1 MeV)Muller Richard A. The Sun, Hydrogen Bombs, and the physics of fusion http://muller.lbl.gov/teaching/physics10/old%20physics%2010/chapters%20%28old%29/7-fusion.htm 5 November 2011 2002 The neutron comes out with high energy of 14.1 MeV https://web.archive.org/web/20120402214226/http://muller.lbl.gov/teaching/physics10/old%20physics%2010/chapters%20(old)/7-fusion.htm 2 अप्रैल 2012 deadConversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=7&num=1.41&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215052/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=7&num=1.41&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead10−11 3.4×10−11 J Average total energy released in the nuclear fission of one uranium-235 atom (215 MeV)Energy From Uranium Fission http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/u235chn.html#c3 HyperPhysics 8 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111028142620/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nucene/u235chn.html#c3 28 अक्तूबर 2011 deadConversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=8&num=2.15&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215048/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=8&num=2.15&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead10−10 1.5030×10−10 J Rest mass-energy of a protonproton mass energy equivalent http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpc2 NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120910055535/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mpc2 10 सितंबर 2012 dead1.505×10−10 J Rest mass-energy of a neutronneutron mass energy equivalent http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnc2 NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120819065453/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mnc2 19 अगस्त 2012 dead1.6×10−10 J 1 gigaelectronvolt (GeV)Conversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215041/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead3×10−10 J Rest mass-energy of a deuterondeuteron mass energy equivalent http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mdc2 NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110805130134/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mdc2 5 अगस्त 2011 dead6×10−10 J Rest mass-energy of an alpha particlealpha particle mass energy equivalent http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?malc2 NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110805132512/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?malc2 5 अगस्त 2011 dead7×10−10 J Energy required to raise a grain of sand by 0.1mm (the thickness of a piece of paper).Calculated: 7e-4 g * 9.8 m/s2 * 1e-4 m10−910-9 Nano- (nJ) 1.6×10−9 J 10 GeVConversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=10&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215055/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=10&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead 8×10−9 J Initial operating energy per beam of the CERN Large Electron Positron Collider in 1989 (50 GeV)Myers Stephen The LEP Collider http://sl-div.web.cern.ch/sl-div/history/lep_doc.html CERN 14 November 2011 the LEP machine energy is about 50 GeV per beam https://web.archive.org/web/20140618030149/https://sl-div.web.cern.ch/sl-div/history/lep_doc.html 18 जून 2014 deadCalculated: 50e9 eV * 1.6e-19 J/eV = 8e-9 J10−8  1.3×10−8 J Mass-energy of a W boson (80.4 GeV)W http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S043 PDG Live Particle Data Group 4 November 2011 https://archive.today/20120717002128/http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S043 17 जुलाई 2012 deadConversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=80.4&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215108/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=80.4&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead 1.5×10−8 J Mass-energy of a Z boson (91.2 GeV) Amsler C. Doser M. Antonelli M. Asner D. Babu K. Baer H. Band H. Barnett R. Bergren E. Beringer J. Bernardi G. Bertl W. Bichsel H. Biebel O. Bloch P. Blucher E. Blusk S. Cahn R. N. Carena M. Caso C. Ceccucci A. Chakraborty D. Chen M. -C. Chivukula R. S. Cowan G. Dahl O. d'Ambrosio G. Damour T. De Gouvêa A. Degrand T. Review of Particle Physics⁎ 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018 Physics Letters B 667 1–6 2008 http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 2008PhLB..667....1A 14 अगस्त 2017 https://archive.today/20120712165412/http://pdglive.lbl.gov/Rsummary.brl?nodein=S044&fsizein=1 12 जुलाई 2012 dead Conversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=91.2&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215045/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=9&num=91.2&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead 1.6×10−8 J 100 GeVConversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=11&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215036/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=11&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead 2×10−8 J Mass-energy of the Higgs Boson (125.1 GeV)ATLAS CMS ATLAS experiment Compact Muon Solenoid 1503.07589 Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments 26 March 2015 6.4×10−8 J Operating energy per proton of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator in 1976Adams John 400 GeV Proton Synchrotron http://sl-div.web.cern.ch/sl-div/history/sps_doc.html Excertp from the CERN Annual Report 1976 CERN 14 November 2011 A circulating proton beam of 400 GeV energy was first achieved in the SPS on 17 June 1976 https://web.archive.org/web/20111026162037/http://sl-div.web.cern.ch/sl-div/history/sps_doc.html 26 अक्तूबर 2011 deadCalculated: 400e9 eV * 1.6e-19 J/eV = 6.4e-8 J10−7  1×10−7 J ≡ 1 erg 1.6×10−7 J 1 TeV (teraelectronvolt),Conversion from eV to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=12&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202212059/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=12&num=1&From=ev&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead about the kinetic energy of a flying mosquitoChocolate bar yardstick http://www.cernlove.org/blog/2010/04/chocolate-bar-yardstick/ 24 January 2014 A TeV is actually a very tiny amount of energy. A popular analogy is to a flying mosquito. https://web.archive.org/web/20140226141339/http://www.cernlove.org/blog/2010/04/chocolate-bar-yardstick/ 26 फ़रवरी 2014 dead10−610-6 Micro- (µJ) 1.04×10−6 J Energy per proton in the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 (6.5 TeV)First successful beam at record energy of 6.5 TeV http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2015/04/first-successful-beam-record-energy-65-tev 28 April 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150426052457/http://home.web.cern.ch/about/updates/2015/04/first-successful-beam-record-energy-65-tev 26 अप्रैल 2015 deadCalculated: 6.5e12 eV per beam * 1.6e-19 J/eV = 1.04e-6 J 10−5       10−4       10−310-3 Milli- (mJ)     10−210-2 Centi- (cJ)    10−110-1 Deci- (dJ) 1.1×10−1 J Energy of an American half-dollar falling 1 metrehttp://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications Coin specifications United States Mint 2 November 2011 11.340 g https://web.archive.org/web/20150218061037/http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/?action=coin_specifications 18 फ़रवरी 2015 live Calculated: m*g*h = 11.34e-3 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 1 m = 1.1e-1 J 1 to 106 J 100 J 1 J ≡ 1 N·m (Newton–metre) 1 J ≡ 1 W·s (Watt-second) 1 J Kinetic energy produced as an extra small apple (~100 gramshttp://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ Apples, raw, with skin (NDB No. 09003) USDA Nutrient Database USDA 8 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ 3 March 2015 ) falls 1 meter against Earth's gravityCalculated: m*g*h = 1e-1 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 1 m = 1 J 1 J Energy required to heat 1 gram of dry, cool air by 1-degree CelsiusSpecific Heat of Dry Air http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-specific-heat-capacity-d_705.html Engineering Toolbox 2 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111105034342/http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-specific-heat-capacity-d_705.html 5 नवंबर 2011 dead 1.4 J ≈ 1 ft·lbf (foot-pound force)Appendix B8—Factors for Units Listed Alphabetically http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html NIST Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI) NIST 1.355818 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20160129233551/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB8.html 29 जनवरी 2016 live 4.184 J ≡ 1 thermochemical calorie (small calorie) 4.1868 J ≡ 1 International (Steam) Table calorieFootnotes http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/footnotes.html#f09 NIST Guide to the SI NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111107224559/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/footnotes.html#f09 7 नवंबर 2011 dead 8 J Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin theoretical upper limit for the energy of a cosmic ray coming from a distant sourcePhysical Motivations http://www.dfg.unito.it/euso/physical-motivation.html ULTRA Home Page (EUSO project) Dipartimento di Fisica di Torino 12 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120209054727/http://www.dfg.unito.it/euso/physical-motivation.html 9 फ़रवरी 2012 deadCalculated: 5e19 eV * 1.6e-19 J/ev = 8 J101101 Deca- (daJ) 5×101 J The most energetic cosmic ray ever detectedThe Fly's Eye (1981–1993) http://www.cosmic-ray.org/reading/flyseye.html#SEC10 HiRes 14 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20090815102123/http://www.cosmic-ray.org/reading/flyseye.html#SEC10 15 अगस्त 2009 dead was most likely a single proton traveling only slightly slower than the speed of light.Bird, D. J. March 1995 Detection of a cosmic ray with measured energy well beyond the expected spectral cutoff due to cosmic microwave radiation http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...441..144B Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 441, no. 1, p. 144-150 14 February 2014 1995ApJ...441..144B102100 102 1×102 J Flash energy of a typical pocket camera electronic flash capacitor (100–400 µF @ 330 V)Notes on the Troubleshooting and Repair of Electronic Flash Units and Strobe Lights and Design Guidelines, Useful Circuits, and Schematics http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/strbfaq.htm 8 December 2011 The energy storage capacitor for pocket cameras is typically 100 to 400 uF at 330 V (charged to 300 V) with a typical flash energy of 10 W-s. https://web.archive.org/web/20111219072154/http://www.repairfaq.org/sam/strbfaq.htm 19 दिसंबर 2011 deadTeardown: Digital Camera Canon PowerShot | http://electroelvis.com/2012/09/02/teardown-digital-camera-canon-powershot/ 2 September 2012 6 June 2013 electroelvis.com https://web.archive.org/web/20130801014811/http://electroelvis.com/2012/09/02/teardown-digital-camera-canon-powershot/ 1 अगस्त 2013 dead3×102 J Energy of a lethal dose of X-raysIonizing Radiation http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch23/radiation.php General Chemistry Topic Review: Nuclear Chemistry Bodner Research Web 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120109191204/http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch23/radiation.php 9 जनवरी 2012 dead3×102 J Kinetic energy of an average person jumping as high as they canVertical Jump Test http://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/vertjump.htm Topend Sports 12 December 2011 41–50 cm (males) 31–40 cm (females) https://web.archive.org/web/20111224055703/http://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/vertjump.htm 24 दिसंबर 2011 liveMass of an Adult http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml The Physics Factbook 13 December 2011 70 kg https://web.archive.org/web/20150506084852/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/AlexSchlessingerman.shtml 6 मई 2015 liveKinetic energy at start of jump = potential energy at high point of jump. Using a mass of 70 kg and a high point of 40 cm => energy = m*g*h = 70 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 40e-2 m = 274 J3.3×102 J Energy to melt 1 g of iceLatent Heat of Melting of some common Materials http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/latent-heat-melting-solids-d_96.html Engineering Toolbox 10 June 2013 334 kJ/kg https://web.archive.org/web/20130707160839/http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/latent-heat-melting-solids-d_96.html 7 जुलाई 2013 dead> 3.6×102 J Kinetic energy of 800 gJavelin Throw – Introduction http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9427.html IAAF 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120606232418/http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid%3D9427.html 6 जून 2012 live standard men's javelin thrown at > 30 m/sYoung Michael Developing Event Specific Strength for the Javelin Throw http://www.indianathrower.com/documents/javelinthrowbiomechanics.pdf 13 December 2011 For elite athletes, the velocity of a javelin release has been measured in excess of 30m/s https://web.archive.org/web/20110813094040/http://www.indianathrower.com/documents/javelinthrowbiomechanics.pdf 13 अगस्त 2011 dead by elite javelin throwersCalculated: 1/2 * 0.8 kg * (30 m/s)^2 = 360 J5–20×102 J Energy output of a typical photography studio strobe light in a single flashGreenspun Philip Studio Photography http://photo.net/learn/studio/primer 13 December 2011 Most serious studio photographers start with about 2000 watts-seconds https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104533/http://photo.net/learn/studio/primer 29 सितंबर 2007 dead6×102 J Kinetic energy of 2 kgDiscus Throw – Introduction http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9437.html IAAF 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111122203019/http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9437.html 22 नवंबर 2011 live standard men's discus thrown at 24.4 m/sNovember 2011 by the world record holder Jürgen SchultCalculated: 1/2 * 2 kg * (24.4 m/s)^2 = 595.4 J6×102 J Use of a 10-watt flashlight for 1-minute7.5×102 J A power of 1 horsepower applied for 1 second7.8×102 J Kinetic energy of 7.26 kgShot Put – Introduction http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html IAAF 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20121025121004/http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9444.html 25 अक्तूबर 2012 live standard men's shot thrown at 14.7 m/sNovember 2011 by the world record holder Randy BarnesCalculated: 1/2 * 7.26 kg * (14.7 m/s)^2 = 784 J8.01×102 JAmount of work needed to lift a man with an average weight (81.7 kg) one meter above earth (or any planet with earth gravity)103103 Kilo- (kJ)1.1×103 J ≈ 1 British thermal unit (BTU), depending on the temperature1.4×103 J Total solar radiation received from the Sun by 1 square meter at the altitude of Earth's orbit per second (solar constant) Kopp G. Lean J. L. 10.1029/2010GL045777 A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance Geophysical Research Letters 38 n/a 2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL045777/pdf PDF 2011GeoRL..38.1706K 14 अगस्त 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170726161617/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL045777/pdf 26 जुलाई 2017 live 1.8×103 J Kinetic energy of M16 rifle bullet (5.56×45mm NATO M855, 4.1 g fired at 930 m/s)Intermediate power ammunition for automatic assault rifles http://world.guns.ru/ammunition/intermediate-cartridges-e.html Modern Firearms World Guns 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20130810184827/http://world.guns.ru/ammunition/intermediate-cartridges-e.html 10 अगस्त 2013 dead2.3×103 J Energy to vaporize 1 g of water into steamFluids - Latent Heat of Evaporation http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fluids-evaporation-latent-heat-d_147.html Engineering Toolbox 10 June 2013 2257 kJ/kg https://web.archive.org/web/20130704053756/http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/fluids-evaporation-latent-heat-d_147.html 4 जुलाई 2013 dead3×103 J Lorentz force can crusher pinchpowerlabs.org – The PowerLabs Solid State Can Crusher! https://web.archive.org/web/20170820105856/http://www.powerlabs.org/pssecc.htm 20 अगस्त 2017 , 20023.4×103 J Kinetic energy of world-record men's hammer throw (7.26 kgHammer Throw – Introduction http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9418.html IAAF 12 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111122194630/http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9418.html 22 नवंबर 2011 live thrown at 30.7 m/sOtto Ralf M. HAMMER THROW WR PHOTOSEQUENCE – YURIY SEDYKH http://hammerthrow.org/wp-content/uploads/photosequences/otto_sedykh_wr.pdf pdf 4 November 2011 The total release velocity is 30.7 m/sec https://web.archive.org/web/20140813044843/http://hammerthrow.org/wp-content/uploads/photosequences/otto_sedykh_wr.pdf 13 अगस्त 2014 dead in 1986)Calculated: 1/2 * 7.26 kg * (30.7 m/s)^2 = 3420 J3.6×103 J ≡ 1 W·h (Watt-hour)4.2×103 J Energy released by explosion of 1 gram of TNT4.2e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent * (1 ton/1e6 grams) = 4.2e3 J/gram of TNT-equivalent4.2×103 J ≈ 1 food Calorie (large calorie)~7×103 J Muzzle energy of an elephant gun, e.g. firing a .458 Winchester Magnum.458 Winchester Magnum http://www.accuratepowder.com/data/PerCaliber2Guide/Rifle/Standarddata(Rifle)/458Cal(11.63mm)/458%20Winchester%20Magnum%20pages%20339%20and%20340.pdf pdf Accurate Powder Western Powders Inc 7 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011847/http://www.accuratepowder.com/data/PerCaliber2Guide/Rifle/Standarddata(Rifle)/458Cal(11.63mm)/458%20Winchester%20Magnum%20pages%20339%20and%20340.pdf 28 सितंबर 2007 live9×103 J Energy in an alkaline AA batteryBattery energy storage in various battery sizes http://www.allaboutbatteries.com/Energy-tables.html AllAboutBatteries.com 15 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111204090808/http://www.allaboutbatteries.com/Energy-tables.html 4 दिसंबर 2011 dead104   1.7×104 J Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of carbohydratesEnergy Density of Carbohydrates http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2007/AnuragPanda.shtml The Physics Factbook 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126055006/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2007/AnuragPanda.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 dead or proteinEnergy Density of Protein http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/DavidDukhan.shtml The Physics Factbook 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126061719/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/DavidDukhan.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 dead 3.8×104 J Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of fatEnergy Density of Fats http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/PingZhang.shtml The Physics Factbook 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126060720/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/PingZhang.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 dead 4–5×104 J Energy released by the combustion of 1 gram of gasolineEnergy Density of Gasoline http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/ArthurGolnik.shtml The Physics Factbook 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126061300/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/ArthurGolnik.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 dead 5×104 J Kinetic energy of 1 gram of matter moving at 10 km/sCalculated: E = 1/2 m*v^2 = 1/2 * (1e-3 kg) * (1e4 m/s)^2 = 5e4 J.105   3×105 J—15×105 J Kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds (1 to 5 tonsList of Car Weights http://cars.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Car_Weights LoveToKnow 13 December 2011 3000 to 12000 pounds https://web.archive.org/web/20111204043323/http://cars.lovetoknow.com/List_of_Car_Weights 4 दिसंबर 2011 dead at 89 km/h or 55 mph)Calculated: Using car weights of 1 ton to 5 tons. E = 1/2 m*v^2 = 1/2 * (1e3 kg) * (55 mph * 1600 m/mi / 3600 s/hr) = 3.0e5 J. E = 1/2 * (5e3 kg) * (55 mph * 1600 m/mi / 3600 s/hr) = 15e5 J. 5×105 J Kinetic energy of 1 gram of a meteor hitting EarthMuller Richard A. Kinetic Energy in a meteor http://muller.lbl.gov/teaching/Physics10/old%20physics%2010/physics%2010%20notes/meteorKE.html Old Physics 10 notes 14 अगस्त 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20120402214238/http://muller.lbl.gov/teaching/Physics10/old%20physics%2010/physics%2010%20notes/meteorKE.html 2 अप्रैल 2012 dead106106 Mega- (MJ)1×106 J Kinetic energy of a 2 tonne vehicle at 32 metres per second (115 km/h or 72 mph)Calculated: KE = 1/2 * 2e3 kg * (32 m/s)^2 = 1.0e6 J1.2×106 J Approximate food energy of a snack such as a Snickers bar (280 food calories)http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ Candies, MARS SNACKFOOD US, SNICKERS Bar (NDB No. 19155) USDA Nutrient Database USDA 14 November 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ 3 March 2015 3.6×106 J = 1 kWh (kilowatt-hour) (used for electricity)4.2×106 J Energy released by explosion of 1 kilogram of TNT8.4×106 J Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active woman (2000 food calories)How to Balance the Food You Eat and Your Physical Activity and Prevent Obesity http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm Healthy Weight Basics National Heart Lung and Blood Institutde 14 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111108061015/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/balance.htm 8 नवंबर 2011 liveCalculated: 2000 food calories = 2.0e6 cal * 4.184 J/cal = 8.4e6 J 107 to 1012 J 107  1×107 J Kinetic energy of the armor-piercing round fired by the assault guns of the ISU-152 tankCalculated: 1/2 * m * v^2 = 1/2 * 48.78 kg * (655 m/s)^2 = 1.0e7 J.January 2012 1.1×107 J Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active man (2600 food calories)Calculated: 2600 food calories = 2.6e6 cal * 4.184 J/cal = 1.1e7 J 3.7×107 J $1 of electricity at a cost of $0.10/kWh (the US average retail cost in 2009)Table 3.3 Consumer Price Estimates for Energy by Source, 1970–2009 http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/showtext.cfm?t=ptb0303 Annual Energy Review US Energy Information Administration 17 December 2011 19 October 2011 $28.90 per million BTU https://web.archive.org/web/20111114114034/http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/showtext.cfm?t=ptb0303 14 नवंबर 2011 liveCalculated J per dollar: 1 million BTU/$28.90 = 1e6 BTU / 28.90 dollars * 1.055e3 J/BTU = 3.65e7 J/dollarCalculated cost per kWh: 1 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh / 3.65e7 J/dollar = 0.0986 dollar/kWh 4×107 J Energy from the combustion of 1 cubic meter of natural gasEnergy in a Cubic Meter of Natural Gas http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/JanyTran.shtml The Physics Factbook 15 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111126053851/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/JanyTran.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 dead 4.2×107 J Caloric energy consumed by Olympian Michael Phelps on a daily basis during Olympic trainingThe Olympic Diet of Michael Phelps http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20080813/the-olympic-diet-of-michael-phelps WebMD 28 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111226210631/http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20080813/the-olympic-diet-of-michael-phelps 26 दिसंबर 2011 live 6.3×107 J Theoretical minimum energy required to accelerate 1 kg of matter to escape velocity from Earth's surface (ignoring atmosphere)Cline James E. D. Energy to Space http://home.earthlink.net/~jedcline/ets.html 13 November 2011 6.27E7 Joules / Kg https://web.archive.org/web/20110925162612/http://home.earthlink.net/~jedcline/ets.html 25 सितंबर 2011 live108   1×108 J Kinetic energy of a 55 tonne aircraft at typical landing speed (59 m/s or 115 knots)November 20111.1×108 J ≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature1.1×108 J ≈ 1 Tour de France, or ~90 hoursTour de France Winners, Podium, Times http://bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdfindex.html Bike Race Info 10 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111207202120/http://bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdfindex.html 7 दिसंबर 2011 dead ridden at 5 W/kgWatts/kg http://www.flammerouge.je/content/3_factsheets/constant/wattkilobench.htm Flamme Rouge 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120102133701/http://www.flammerouge.je/content/3_factsheets/constant/wattkilobench.htm 2 जनवरी 2012 dead by a 65 kg riderCalculated: 90 hr * 3600 seconds/hr * 5 W/kg * 65 kg = 1.1e8 J7.3×108 J ≈ Energy from burning 16 kilograms of oil (using 135 kg per barrel of light crude)December 2011109109 Giga- (GJ)1–10×109 J Energy in an average lightning boltSmith Chris How do Thunderstorms Work? http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/howdothunderstormswork-2/ The Naked Scientists 15 November 2011 It discharges about 1–10 billion joules of energy https://web.archive.org/web/20120127132309/http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/howdothunderstormswork-2/ 27 जनवरी 2012 dead (thunder)1.1×109 J Magnetic stored energy in the world's largest toroidal superconducting magnet for the ATLAS experiment at CERN, GenevaPowering up ATLAS's mega magnet http://user.web.cern.ch/public/en/Spotlight/SpotlightATLAS-en.html Spotlight on... CERN 10 December 2011 magnetic energy of 1.1 Gigajoules https://web.archive.org/web/20111130024727/http://user.web.cern.ch/public/en/Spotlight/SpotlightATLAS-en.html 30 नवंबर 2011 dead1.2×109 J Inflight 100-ton Boeing 757-200 at 300 knots (154 m/s)1.4x109 J Theoretical minimum amount of energy required to melt a tonne of steel (380 kWh)ITP Metal Casting: Melting Efficiency Improvement http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/metalcasting/pdfs/umr22_fs.pdf ITP Metal Casting U.S. Department of Energy 14 November 2011 PDF 377 kWh/mt https://web.archive.org/web/20090628213117/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/metalcasting/pdfs/umr22_fs.pdf 28 जून 2009 liveCalculated: 380 kW-h * 3.6e6 J/kW-h = 1.37e9 J 2x109 J Energy of an ordinary 61 liter gasoline tank of a car. Lead-Free Gasoline Material Safety Data Sheet Bell Fuels NOAA http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/HTMLdocs/Gasoline.htm 6 July 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20020820074636/http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/HTMLdocs/Gasoline.htm 20 अगस्त 2002 dead thepartsbin.com – Volvo Fuel Tank: Compare at The Parts Binजून 2020 InternetArchiveBot , 6 May 20122×109 J Planck energy, the unit of energy in Planck units3×109 J Inflight 125-ton Boeing 767-200 flying at 373 knots (192 m/s)3.3×109 J Approximate average amount of energy expended by a human heart muscle over an 80-year lifetimePower of a Human Heart http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/IradaMuslumova.shtml The Physics Factbook 10 December 2011 The mechanical power of the human heart is ~1.3 watts https://web.archive.org/web/20111126054217/http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/IradaMuslumova.shtml 26 नवंबर 2011 deadCalculated: 1.3 J/s * 80 years * 3.16e7 s/year = 3.3e9 J4.2×109 J Energy released by explosion of 1 ton of TNT.4.5×109 J Average annual energy usage of a standard refrigeratorU.S. Household Electricity Uses: A/C, Heating, Appliances http://www.eia.gov/emeu/reps/enduse/er01_us.html U.S. HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY REPORT EIA 13 December 2011 For refrigerators in 2001, the average UEC was 1,239 kWh https://web.archive.org/web/20111223072447/http://www.eia.gov/emeu/reps/enduse/er01_us.html 23 दिसंबर 2011 liveCalculated: 1239 kWh * 3.6e6 J/kWh = 4.5e9 J6.1×109 J ≈ 1 bboe (barrel of oil equivalent)Energy Units https://web.archive.org/web/20161010120259/http://www.altenergyaction.org/mambo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9 10 अक्तूबर 2016 , by Arthur Smith, 21 January 20051010  2.3×1010 J Kinetic energy of an Airbus A380 at cruising speed (560 tonnes at 562 knots or 289 m/s)December 20114.2×1010 J ≈ 1 toe (ton of oil equivalent)5×1010 J Yield energy of a Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb, the second most powerful non-nuclear weapon ever designedTop 10 Biggest Explosions http://listverse.com/2011/11/28/top-10-biggest-explosions/ Listverse 10 December 2011 a yield of 11 tons of TNT https://web.archive.org/web/20111205214358/http://listverse.com/2011/11/28/top-10-biggest-explosions/ 5 दिसंबर 2011 deadCalculated: 11 tons of TNT-equivalent * 4.184e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent = 4.6e10 J7.3×1010 J Energy consumed by the average U.S. automobile in the year 2000Emission Facts: Average Annual Emissions and Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/f00013.htm EPA 12 December 2011 "581 gallons of gasoline" https://web.archive.org/web/20111202221408/http://www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/f00013.htm 2 दिसंबर 2011 live200 Mile-Per-Gallon Cars? http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/pseudosc/200mpgcar.htm 12 December 2011 a gallon of gas ... 125 million joules of energy https://web.archive.org/web/20111219011152/http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/pseudosc/200mpgcar.htm 19 दिसंबर 2011 deadCalculated: 581 gallons * 125e6 J/gal = 7.26e10 J8.6×1010 J ≈ 1 MW·d (megawatt-day), used in the context of power plantsCalculated: 1e6 Watts * 86400 seconds/day = 8.6e10 J8.8×1010 J Total energy released in the nuclear fission of one gram of uranium-235Calculated: 3.44e-10 J/U-235-fission * 1e-3 kg / (235 amu per U-235-fission * 1.66e-27 amu/kg) = 8.82e-10 J1011   2.4×1011 J Approximate food energy consumed by an average human in an 80-year lifetime.Calculated: 2000 kcal/day * 365 days/year * 80 years = 2.4e11 J10121012 Tera- (TJ)3.4×1012 J Maximum fuel energy of an Airbus A330-300 (97,530 litersA330-300 Dimensions & key data http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a330family/a330-300/specifications/ Airbus 12 December 2011 97530 litres https://www.webcitation.org/6DrfekJmD?url=http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a330family/a330-300/specifications/ 22 जनवरी 2013 live of Jet A-1http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/aviation/air_bp/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/a/air_bp_products_handbook_04004_1.pdf Archived copy 2011-08-19 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075828/http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/aviation/air_bp/STAGING/local_assets/downloads_pdfs/a/air_bp_products_handbook_04004_1.pdf 8 June 2011 )Calculated: 97530 liters * 0.804 kg/L * 43.15 MJ/kg = 3.38e12 J3.6×1012 J 1 GW·h (gigawatt-hour)Calculated: 1e9 Watts * 3600 seconds/hour4×1012 J Electricity generated by one 20-kg CANDU fuel bundle assuming ~29%Weston Kenneth Chapter 10. Nuclear Power Plants http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~kenneth-weston/chapter10.pdf Energy Conversion 13 December 2011 pdf The thermal efficiency of a CANDU plant is only about 29% https://web.archive.org/web/20111005120238/http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~kenneth-weston/chapter10.pdf 5 अक्तूबर 2011 dead thermal efficiency of reactorCANDU and Heavy Water Moderated Reactors http://www.nucleartourist.com/type/candu.htm 12 December 2011 fuel burnup in a CANDU is only 6500 to 7500 MWd per metric ton uranium https://web.archive.org/web/20111116080800/http://www.nucleartourist.com/type/candu.htm 16 नवंबर 2011 deadCalculated: 7500e6 Watt-days/tonne * (0.020 tonnes per bundle) * 86400 seconds/day = 1.3e13 J of burnup energy. Electricity = burnup * ~29% efficiency = 3.8e12 J6.4×1012 J Energy contained in jet fuel in a Boeing 747-100B aircraft at max fuel capacity (183,380 liters747 Classics Technical Specs http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html Boeing 12 December 2011 183,380 L dead https://web.archive.org/web/20071210173616/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html 10 December 2007 of Jet A-1)Calculated: 183380 liters * 0.804 kg/L * 43.15 MJ/kg = 6.36e12 J 1013 to 1018 J 1013  1.1×1013 J Energy of the maximum fuel an Airbus A380 can carry (320,000 litersA380-800 Dimensions & key data http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/a380-800/specifications/ Airbus 12 December 2011 320,000 L https://web.archive.org/web/20120708071501/http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/a380-800/specifications/ 8 जुलाई 2012 live of Jet A-1)Calculated: 320,000 l * 0.804 kg/L * 43.15  MJ/kg = 11.1e12 J1.2×1013 J Orbital kinetic energy of the International Space Station (417 tonneshttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html International Space Station: The ISS to Date NASA 23 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20150611163133/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/isstodate.html 11 जून 2015 live at 7.7 km/sThe wizards of orbits http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESA104MBAMC_FeatureWeek_0.html European Space Agency 10 December 2011 The International Space Station, for example, flies at 7.7 km/s in one of the lowest practicable orbits https://web.archive.org/web/20111203141638/http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESA104MBAMC_FeatureWeek_0.html 3 दिसंबर 2011 live)Calculated: E = 1/2 m.v2 = 1/2 * 417000 kg * (7700m/s)2 = 1.2e13 J6.3×1013 J Yield of the Little Boy atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in World War II (15 kilotons)What was the yield of the Hiroshima bomb? http://www.warbirdforum.com/hiroshim.htm Warbird's Forum 21 kt 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20170913004426/https://www.warbirdforum.com/hiroshim.htm 13 सितंबर 2017 deadCalculated: 15 kt = 15e9 grams of TNT-equivalent * 4.2e3 J/gram TNT-equivalent = 6.3e13 J9×1013 J Theoretical total mass-energy of 1 gram of matterConversion from kg to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=-3&num=1&From=kg&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215101/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=-3&num=1&From=kg&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead1014   3.75×1014 J Total energy released by the Chelyabinsk meteor.JPL - Fireballs and bolides https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/ Jet Propulsion Laboratory NASA 13 April 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170314153125/https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/fireballs/ 14 मार्च 2017 dead 6×1014 J Energy released by an average hurricane in 1 secondHow much energy does a hurricane release? http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES NOAA 12 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20171102212903/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html 2 नवंबर 2017 live 1015 Peta- (PJ) 1015> 1015 J Energy released by a severe thunderstormThe Gathering Storms http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/3302/full COSMOS 10 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20120404113209/http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/3302/full 4 अप्रैल 2012 dead1×1015 J Yearly electricity consumption in Greenland as of 2008Country Comparison :: Electricity – consumption https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2042rank.html The World Factbook CIA 11 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120128032332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2042rank.html 28 January 2012 Calculated: 288.6e6 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 1.04e15 J4.2×1015 J Energy released by explosion of 1 megaton of TNTCalculated: 4.2e9 J/ton of TNT-equivalent * 1e6 tons/megaton = 4.2e15 J/megaton of TNT-equivalent 1016   1×1016 J Estimated impact energy released in forming Meteor CraterNovember 2011 1.1×1016 J Yearly electricity consumption in Mongolia as of 2010Calculated: 3.02e9 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 1.09e16 J 9×1016 J Mass-energy in 1 kilogram of antimatter (or matter)Calculated: E = mc^2 = 1 kg * (2.998e8 m/s)^2 = 8.99e16 J 1017  1×1017 J Energy released on the Earth's surface by the magnitude 9.1–9.3 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakehttp://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_e.html USGS Energy and Broadband Solution National Earthquake Information Center, US Geological Survey 9 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100404013939/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_e.html 4 April 2010 1.7×1017 J Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each secondThe Earth has a cross section of 1.274×1014 square meters and the solar constant is 1361 watts per square meter.2.1×1017 J Yield of the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested (50 megatons)The Soviet Weapons Program – The Tsar Bomba http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html The Nuclear Weapon Archive 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20180618223830/http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Russia/TsarBomba.html 18 जून 2018 liveCalculated: 50e6 tons TNT-equivalent * 4.2e9 J/ton TNT-equivalent = 2.1e17 J4.2×1017 J Yearly electricity consumption of Norway as of 2008Calculated: 115.6e9 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 4.16e17 J4.5×1017 J Approximate energy needed to accelerate one ton to one-tenth of the speed of light8×1017 J Estimated energy released by the eruption of the Indonesian volcano, Krakatoa, in 1883Alexander R. McNeill Dynamics of Dinosaurs and Other Extinct Giants 1989 Columbia University Press 0-231-06667-8 https://books.google.com/books?id=0q_1xk3SVKEC 144 the explosion of the island volcano Krakatoa in 1883, had about 200 megatonnes energy. 14 अगस्त 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203195922/https://books.google.com/books?id=0q_1xk3SVKEC 3 दिसंबर 2016 liveCalculated: 200e6 tons of TNT equivalent * 4.2e9 J/ton of TNT equivalent = 8.4e17 J 10181018 Exa- (EJ)1.4×1018 J Yearly electricity consumption of South Korea as of 2009Calculated: 402e9 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 1.45e17 J 1019 to 1024 J 1019  1.4×1019 J Yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2009Calculated: 3.741e12 kWh * 3.600e6 J/kWh = 1.347e19 J1.4×1019J Yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2009United States https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html The World Factbook USA 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20080109013304/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html 9 जनवरी 2008 liveCalculated: 3.953e12 kWh * 3.600e6 J/kWh = 1.423e19 J5×1019 J Energy released in 1-day by an average hurricane in producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy)6.4×1019 J Yearly electricity consumption of the world 2008 onWorld https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html The World Factbook CIA 11 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20180315230249/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html 15 मार्च 2018 liveCalculated: 17.8e12 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 6.41e19 J6.8×1019 J Yearly electricity generation of the world 2008 onCalculated: 18.95e12 kWh * 3.60e6 J/kWh = 6.82e19 J 1020  5x1020 J Total world annual energy consumption in 2010Statistical Review of World Energy 2011 http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf BP 9 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110902033116/http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf 2 September 2011 Calculated: 12002.4e6 tonnes of oil equivalent * 42e9 J/tonne of oil equivalent = 5.0e20 J8×1020 J Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity 2005http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/News/2006/uranium_resources.html iaea.org Global Uranium Resources to Meet Projected Demand | International Atomic Energy Agency 26 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20140805201113/http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/2006/uranium_resources.html 5 अगस्त 2014 livehttp://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation 14 अगस्त 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20000817093423/http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls 17 अगस्त 2000 live http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/electricity.html eia.doe.gov U.S. EIA International Energy Outlook 2007. 26 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20110523001859/http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/electricity.html 23 मई 2011 liveFinal number is computed. Energy Outlook 2007 shows 15.9% of world energy is nuclear. IAEA estimates conventional uranium stock, at today's prices is sufficient for 85 years. Convert billion kilowatt-hours to joules then: 6.25×1019×0.159×85 = 8.01×1020. 1021 Zetta- (ZJ) 10216.9×1021 J Estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2010Calculated: "6608.9 trillion cubic feet" => 6608.9e3 billion cubic feet * 0.025 million tonnes of oil equivalent/billion cubic feet * 1e6 tonnes of oil equivalent/million tonnes of oil equivalent * 42e9 J/tonne of oil equivalent = 6.9e21 J7.9×1021 J Estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2010Calculated: "188.8 thousand million tonnes" => 188.8e9 tonnes of oil * 42e9 J/tonne of oil = 7.9e21 J 1022  1.5×1022J Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each dayCalculated: 1.27e14 m^2 * 1370 W/m^2 * 86400 s/day = 1.5e22 J2.4×1022 J Estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2010Calculated: 860938 million tonnes of coal => 860938e6 tonnes of coal * (1/1.5 tonne of oil equivalent / tonne of coal) * 42e9 J/tonne of oil equivalent = 2.4e22 J2.9×1022 J Identified global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology3.9×1022 J Estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2010Calculated: natural gas + petroleum + coal = 6.9e21 J + 7.9e21 J + 2.4e22 J = 3.9e22 J4×1022 J Estimated total energy released by the magnitude 9.1–9.3 2004 Indian Ocean earthquakehttp://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_hrv.html USGS, Harvard Moment Tensor Solution National Earthquake Information Center 26 December 2004 9 December 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100117084041/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_hrv.html 17 January 2010 1023  2.2×1023 J Total global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology5×1023 J Approximate energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsulahttp://www.geosc.psu.edu/people/faculty/personalpages/tbralower/Braloweretal1998.pdf April 1998 The Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary cocktail: Chicxulub impact triggers margin collapse and extensive sediment gravity flows Timothy J. Bralower Charles K. Paull R. Mark Leckie Geology 26 4 331–334 6 June 2013 PDF "The kinetic energy derived by the impact is estimated at ~5 × 10^30 ergs" 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0331:tctbcc>2.3.co;2 1998Geo....26..331B dead https://web.archive.org/web/20071128093102/http://www.geosc.psu.edu/people/faculty/personalpages/tbralower/Braloweretal1998.pdf 28 November 2007 1024 Yotta- (YJ) 5.5×1024 J Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each yearCalculated: 1.27e14 m^2 * 1370 W/m^2 * 86400 s/day = 5.5e24 J > 1025 J 1025   6×1025 J Energy released by a typical solar flare 1026   1.3×1026 J Conservative estimate of the energy released by the impact that created the Caloris basin on MercuryNovember 2011 3.8×1026 J Total energy output of the Sun each secondAsk Us: Sun: Amount of Energy the Earth Gets from the Sun http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_sun.html#sunenergymass Cosmicopia NASA 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20111106095009/http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_sun.html#sunenergymass 6 नवंबर 2011 dead 1027       1028   3.8×1028 J Kinetic energy of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth (counting only its velocity relative to the Earth) http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html Moon Fact Sheet NASA 16 December 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20100323165650/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html 23 मार्च 2010 live Calculated: KE = 1/2 * m * v^2. v = 1.023e3 m/s. m = 7.349e22 kg. KE = 1/2 * (7.349e22 kg) * (1.023e3 m/s)^2 = 3.845e28 J. 1029   2.1×1029 J Rotational energy of the EarthMoment of Inertia—Earth http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/MomentofInertiaEarth.html Eric Weisstein's World of Physics 5 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20190203090309/http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/MomentofInertiaEarth.html 3 फ़रवरी 2019 liveAllain Rhett Rotational energy of the Earth as an energy source http://scienceblogs.com/dotphysics/2009/06/rotational-energy-of-the-earth-as-an-energy-source.php .dotphysics Science Blogs 5 November 2011 the Earth takes 23.9345 hours to rotate https://web.archive.org/web/20111117014824/http://scienceblogs.com/dotphysics/2009/06/rotational-energy-of-the-earth-as-an-energy-source.php 17 नवंबर 2011 liveCalculated: E_rotational = 1/2 * I * w^2 = 1/2 * (8.0e37 kg m^2) * (2*pi/(23.9345 hour period * 3600 seconds/hour))^2 = 2.1e29 J 1030   1.8×1030 J Gravitational binding energy of Mercury 1031   3.3×1031 J Total energy output of the Sun each dayCalculated: 3.8e26 J/s * 86400 s/day = 3.3e31 J 1032   2×1032 J Gravitational binding energy of the EarthEarth's Gravitational Binding Energy http://typnet.net/Essays/EarthBind.htm 19 March 2012 Variable Density Method: the Earth's gravitational binding energy is −1.711×10^32 J https://web.archive.org/web/20120317085735/http://typnet.net/Essays/EarthBind.htm 17 मार्च 2012 dead 1033   2.7×1033 J Earth's kinetic energy in its orbithttp://www.uwgb.edu/DutchS/pseudosc/flipaxis.htm uwgb.edu DutchS/pseudosc/flipaxis 26 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170822172540/http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/pseudosc/flipaxis.htm 22 अगस्त 2017 dead 1034   1.2×1034 J Total energy output of the Sun each yearCalculated: 3.8e26 J/s * 86400 s/day * 365.25 days/year = 1.2e34 J 1039   6.6×1039 J Theoretical total mass-energy of the Moon 1041   5.4×1041 J Theoretical total mass-energy of the Earthhttp://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts Earth: Facts & Figures Solar System Exploration NASA 29 September 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20150419035450/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Earth&Display=Facts 19 अप्रैल 2015 live Conversion from kg to J http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=24&num=6.0&From=kg&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor NIST 4 November 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202215023/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Convert?exp=24&num=6.0&From=kg&To=j&Action=Convert+value+and+show+factor 2 फ़रवरी 2014 dead 6.87×1041 J Gravitational binding energy of the SunChandrasekhar, S. 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90–92, p. 51 (Dover edition)Lang, K. R. 1980, Astrophysical Formulae (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 2721043   5×1043 J Total energy of all gamma rays in a typical gamma-ray burst Frail D. A. Kulkarni S. R. Sari R. Djorgovski S. G. Bloom J. S. Galama T. J. Reichart D. E. Berger E. Harrison F. A. Price P. A. Yost S. A. Diercks A. Goodrich R. W. Chaffee F. Beaming in Gamma-Ray Bursts: Evidence for a Standard Energy Reservoir 10.1086/338119 The Astrophysical Journal 562 L55 2001 http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/astro-ph/pdf/0102/0102282v1.pdf PDF astro-ph/0102282 2001ApJ...562L..55F "the gamma-ray energy release, corrected for geometry, is narrowly clustered around 5 * 10^50 erg"Calculated: 5e50 erg * 1e-7 J/erg = 5e43 J1044   1–2×1044 J Estimated energy released in a supernova,Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomy-and-astrophysics_1993-03_270_1-2/page/223 Astronomy and Astrophysics 1993 270 1–2 223–248 1993A&A...270..223K Mueller Hoeflich sometimes referred to as a foe 1.2 44 J Approximate lifetime energy output of the Sun.1045   1.1 0.2 45 J Brightest observed hypernova ASASSN-15lhDong S. Shappee B. J. Prieto J. L. Jha S. W. Stanek K. Z. Holoien T. W.- S. Kochanek C. S. Thompson T. A. Morrell N. Thompson I. B. Basu U. Beacom J. F. Bersier D. Brimacombe J. Brown J. S. Bufano F. Chen P. Conseil E. Danilet A. B. Falco E. Grupe D. Kiyota S. Masi G. Nicholls B. Olivares E. F. Pignata G. Pojmanski G. Simonian G. V. Szczygiel D. M. Wozniak P. 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