लिपियों की सूची

यहाँ विश्व की 'लेखन पद्धतियों' या लिपियों की वर्गीकृत सूची दी गई है। यह वर्गीकरण लिपियों के किसी विशेष गुण के आधार पर किया गया है जो उनकोअन्य लिपियों से अलग करता है। पहले लिपि का नाम दिया गया है, इसके बाद उस लिपि में लिखी जाने वाली भाषाओं के नाम कोष्टक में दिए गए हैं। File:World alphabets & writing systems.svg चित्रात्मक/भावचित्रात्मक लिपियाँ Aztec Nahuatl Although some proper nouns have phonetic components.Smith Mike The Aztecs https://archive.org/details/aztecs0002smit 1997 Blackwell Publishing Malden, MA 0-631-23015-7 Mixtec Mixtec Dongba Naxi Although this is often supplemented with syllabic Geba script. Ersu Shābā – Ersu Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing Míkmaq Does have phonetic components, however. Nsibidi Ekoi, Efik/Ibibio, Igbo Testerian – used for missionary work in Mexico Other Mesoamerican writing systems with the exception of Maya Hieroglyphs. There are also symbol systems used to represent things other than language, or to represent constructed languages. Some of these are Blissymbols – A constructed ideographic script used primarily in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). iConji – A constructed ideographic script used primarily in social networking Isotype (picture language) Sona language A wide variety of notations Linear B and Asemic writing also incorporate ideograms. शब्द-चिह्न लेखनपद्धति व्यंजन-आधारित शब्द-चिह्नात्मक लिपियाँ Hieroglyphic, Hieratic, and Demotic writing systems of Ancient Egypt Egyptian hieroglyphs List of Egyptian hieroglyphs by common name: A-L List of Egyptian hieroglyphs by common name: M-Z अक्षरधारित शब्दचिह्नात्मक लिपियाँ Anatolian hieroglyphs Luwian Cuneiform Sumerian, Akkadian, other Semitic languages, Elamite, Hittite, Luwian, Hurrian, and Urartian Chinese characters (Hanzi) Chinese, Japanese (called Kanji), Korean (called Hanja), Vietnamese (called Han tu, obsolete) Jurchen script Jurchen Khitan large script Khitan Tangut script Tangut Zhuang script Zhuang Chữ Nôm Vietnamese (for vernacular Vietnamese, now obsolete) Eghap (or Bagam) script Mayan Chorti, Yucatec, and other Classic Maya languages Yi (classical) various Yi/Lolo languages Shui script Shui language अक्षरात्मक In a syllabary, graphemes represent syllables or moras. (Note that the 19th century term syllabics usually referred to abugidas rather than true syllabaries.) Afaka Ndyuka Alaska script Central Yup'ik Cherokee Cherokee Cypriot Mycenean Greek Geba Naxi Kana Japanese**Hiragana Katakana Man'yōgana Kikakui – Mende Kpelle Kpelle Linear B Mycenean Greek Nü Shu Chinese Vai Vai Woleaian Woleaian (a likely syllabary) Yi (modern) various Yi/Lolo languages अर्ध-अक्षरात्मक लिपियाँ (अंशतः अक्षरात्मक तथा अंशतः वर्णात्मक Paleohispanic semi-sillabaries Paleohispanic languages Tartessian or Southwestern script Tartessian or Southwestern language Southeastern Iberian script Iberian language Northeastern Iberian script Iberian language Celtiberian script Celtiberian language Old Persian Cuneiform Old Persian Zhuyin fuhao phonetic script for Chinese languages, and principal script for several Formosan languages. Eskayan Bohol, Philippines (a syllabary apparently based on an alphabet; some alphabetic characteristics remain) Bamum scriptBamum (a defective syllabary, with alphabetic principles used to fill the gaps) खण्डयुक्त लिपियाँ अबजाद (Abjads) An abjad is a segmental script containing symbols for consonants only, or where vowels are optionally written with diacritics ("pointing") or only written word-initially. Aramaic Arabic Arabic, Azeri, Punjabi, Baluchi, Kashmiri, Pashto, Persian, Kurdish (vowels obligatory), Sindhi, Uighur (vowels obligatory), Urdu, and the languages of many other peoples of the Near East Hebrew Square Script Hebrew, Yiddish, and other Jewish languages Jawi – Arabic, Malay Manichaean script Nabataean the Nabataeans of Petra Pahlavi script Middle Persian Parthian Psalter Phoenician Phoenician and other Canaanite languages Proto-Canaanite Sabaean South Arabian Sabaic, Qatabanic, Himyaritic, and Hadhramautic Sogdian Samaritan (Old Hebrew) Aramaic, Arabic, and Hebrew Syriac Syriac Tifinagh Tuareg Ugaritic Ugaritic, Hurrian शुद्ध वर्णात्मक लिपियाँ A true alphabet contains separate letters (not diacritic marks) for both consonants and vowels. रैखिक गैरलक्षणात्मक वर्ण लिपियाँ thumb|right|300px|Map of the writing systems in Europe. Linear alphabets are composed of lines on a surface, such as ink on paper. Uyghur Arabic alphabet (Uyghur Ereb Yéziqi) Avestan Armenian Armenian Avestan alphabet Avestan Beitha Kukju Albanian Borama Somali Caucasian Albanian alphabet Old Udi language Coptic Egyptian Cyrillic Eastern Slavic languages (Belarusian, Russian, Ukrainian), eastern South Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), the other languages of Russia, Kazakh language, Kyrgyz language, Tajik language, Mongolian language. Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan are changing to the Latin alphabet but still have considerable use of Cyrillic. See Languages using Cyrillic. Eclectic Shorthand Elbasan Albanian Fraser Lisu Gabelsberger shorthand Georgian Georgian and other Kartvelian languages Glagolitic Old Church Slavonic Gothic Gothic Greek Greek International Phonetic Alphabet Kaddare Somali Latin aka Roman originally Latin language; most current western and central European languages, Turkic languages, sub-Saharan African languages, indigenous languages of the Americas, languages of maritime Southeast Asia and languages of Oceania use developments of it. Languages using a non-Latin writing system are generally also equipped with Romanization for transliteration or secondary use. Manchu Manchu Mandaic Mandaic dialect of Aramaic Mongolian Mongolian Neo-Tifinagh Tamazight N'Ko Maninka language, Bambara, Dyula language Ogham (oːm) Gaelic, Britannic, Pictish Old Hungarian (in Hungarian magyar rovásírás or székely-magyar rovásírás) Hungarian Old Italic a family of connected alphabets for the Etruscan, Oscan, Umbrian, Messapian, South Picene, Raetic, Venetic, Lepontic, Camunic languages Old Permic (also called Abur) Komi Old Turkic Turkic Old Uyghur alphabet Uyghur Osmanya Somali Runic alphabet Germanic languages Ol Cemet' Santali Tai Lue Lue Vah Bassa Zaghawa Zaghawa लक्षणात्मक रैखिक वर्णात्मक लिपियाँ (Featural linear alphabets) A featural script has elements that indicate the components of articulation, such as bilabial consonants, fricatives, or back vowels. Scripts differ in how many features they indicate. Gregg Shorthand Hangul Korean Shavian alphabet Tengwar (a fictional script) Visible Speech (a phonetic script) Stokoe notation for American Sign Language SignWriting for sign languages दिग्दर्शी वर्णात्मक (Manual alphabets) Manual alphabets are frequently found as parts of sign languages. They are not used for writing per se, but for spelling out words while signing. American manual alphabet (used with slight modification in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Paraguay, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand) British manual alphabet (used in some of the Commonwealth of Nations, such as Australia and New Zealand) Catalonian manual alphabet Chilean manual alphabet Chinese manual alphabet Dutch manual alphabet Ethiopian manual alphabet (an abugida) French manual alphabet Greek manual alphabet Icelandic manual alphabet (also used in Denmark) Indian manual alphabet (a true alphabet?; used in Devanagari and Gujarati areas) International manual alphabet (used in Germany, Austria, Norway, Finland) Iranian manual alphabet (an abjad; also used in Egypt) Israeli manual alphabet (an abjad) Italian manual alphabet Korean manual alphabet Latin American manual alphabets Polish manual alphabet Portuguese manual alphabet Romanian manual alphabet Russian manual alphabet (also used in Bulgaria and ex-Soviet states) Spanish manual alphabet (Madrid) Swedish manual alphabet Yugoslav manual alphabet अन्य अरैखिक वर्ण (Other non-linear alphabets) These are other alphabets composed of something other than lines on a surface. Braille (Unified) an embossed alphabet for the visually impaired, used with some extra letters to transcribe the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic alphabets, as well as Chinese Braille (Korean) Braille (American) (defunct) New York Point a defunct alternative to Braille International maritime signal flags (both alphabetic and ideographic) Morse code (International) a trinary code of dashes, dots, and silence, whether transmitted by electricity, light, or sound) representing characters in the Latin alphabet. American Morse code (defunct) Optical telegraphy (defunct) Flag semaphore (made by moving hand-held flags) आबूगीदा (Abugidas) इन्हें वर्णाक्षरी (अल्फासिलैबरी) भी कहते हैं। ये 'खण्डात्मक' (segmental) लिपियाँ है जिनमें स्वर चिह्नों को दर्शाने के लिए व्यंजन पर कोई डायाक्रिटिकल चिह्न लगाया जाता है या कोई अन्य परिवर्तन/परिवर्धन कर दिया जाता है। भारत तथा दक्षिण-पूर्व एशिया की प्रायः सभी लिपियाँ इसी श्रेणी में आती हैं। ये सभी ऐतिहासिक रूप से ब्राह्मी परिवार की हैं। ब्राह्मी परिवार की आबूगीदा लिपियाँ thumb|A Palaung manuscript written in a Brahmic abugida Anga Script Angika Ahom Assamese Assamese/Assamiya/Ôxômiya ब्राह्मी लिपि प्रकृत, संस्कृत Balinese Batak Toba and other Batak languages Baybayin Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Bikol languages, Visayan languages, and possibly other Philippine languages बांग्ला लिपि बांग्ला भाषा, मैथिली भाषा Buhid Burmese Burmese, Karen languages, Mon, and Shan Cham Dehong Dehong Dai देवनागरी हिन्दी, सम्स्कृत, मराठी, नेपाली, तथा उत्तरी भारत एवं नेपाल की अनेकों भाषाएँ Gujarāti Gujarāti, Kachchi Gurmukhi script Punjabi Hanuno’o Javanese Kaganga Rejang Kaithi Kannada Kannada, Tulu Kawi Khmer Lao Limbu Lontara’ Buginese, Makassar, and Mandar Malayalam Mithilākshara {syn. Vaidehī lipi / Tirahutā / Tirhutā } Used to write Maithili Modi Marathi Nepal Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit Oriya Phags-pa Mongolian, Chinese, and other languages of the Yuan Dynasty Mongol Empire Ranjana Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit Śāradā Siddham used to write Sanskrit Sinhala Sourashtra Soyombo Sundanese Syloti Nagri – Sylheti Tagbanwa Languages of Palawan Tai Dam Tai Tham Khün, and Northern Thai Tamil Telugu Thai Tibetan Tirahutā / Tirhutā {syn. Vaidehī lipi / Mithilākshara } used to write Maithili Tocharian Varang Kshiti Ho अन्य आबूगीदा लिपियाँ Canadian Aboriginal syllabics Cree syllabics (for Cree), Inuktitut syllabics (for Inuktitut), and other variants for Ojibwe, Carrier, Blackfoot, and other languages of Canada Ethiopic Amharic, Ge’ez, Oromo, Tigrigna Kharoṣṭhī Gandhari, Sanskrit Mandombe Meroitic Meroë Pitman Shorthand Pollard script Miao Sorang Sompeng Sora Thaana Dhivehi Thomas Natural Shorthand अन्तिम व्यंजन-डायाक्रिटिक अबुगिडा (Final consonant-diacritic abugidas) Róng Lepcha स्वरधारित आबूगीदा लिपियाँ (Vowel-based abugidas) Boyd's Syllabic Shorthand Japanese Braille Japanese Pahawh Hmong Hmong लिपियाँ जिन्हें अभी तक समझा नहीं जा सका है। Byblos syllabary the city of Byblos Isthmian (apparently logosyllabic) Indus Indus Valley Civilization Quipu Inca Empire (probably numerical only) Khitan small script Khitan Cretan hieroglyphs Linear A (a syllabary) Minoan Mixtec Mixtec (perhaps pictographic) Olmec Olmec civilization (possibly the oldest Mesoamerican script) Phaistos Disc (a unique text, very possibly not writing) Proto-Elamite Elam (nearly as old as Sumerian) Rongorongo Rapa Nui (perhaps a syllabary) Proto-Sinaitic (likely an abjad) Zapotec Zapotec (another old Mesoamerican script) Banpo symbols Yangshao culture (perhaps proto-writing) Jiahu symbols Peiligang culture (perhaps proto-writing) पाण्डुलियाँ जिन्हें अभी तक समझा नहीं गया है Voynich manuscript Rohonc Codex Codex Seraphinianus Hamptonese Dorabella cipher अन्य Asemic writing is generally meaningless, though it sometimes contains ideograms or pictograms. ध्वन्यात्मक वर्णमाला वाली लियियाँ (Phonetic alphabets) This section lists alphabets used to transcribe phonetic or phonemic sound; not to be confused with spelling alphabets like the ICAO spelling alphabet. International Phonetic Alphabet Deseret alphabet Unifon Americanist phonetic notation Uralic Phonetic Alphabet Shavian alphabet विशिष्ट वर्णमालाएँ Alphabets may exist in forms other than visible symbols on a surface. Some of these are: Tactile alphabets Braille Moon type New York Point Night writing Manual alphabets Fingerspelling For example: American Sign Language American manual alphabet Korean manual alphabet Cued Speech Long-Distance Signaling International maritime signal flags Morse code Flag semaphore Optical telegraphy Alternative alphabets Gregg Shorthand Initial Teaching Alphabet Pitman Shorthand Quikscript Fictional writing systems Ath (alphabet) Aurebesh Cirth D'ni Goa'uld Hymmnos Klingon On Beyond Zebra! Quenya Sarati Sindarin Tengwar Unown पशुओं द्वारा उपयोग के लिए युर्किश (Yurkish) लिपि मानवेतर प्राइमेट्स के साथ 'बातचीत' करने के लिए लेक्सिग्रामों (lexigrams) का प्रयोग करती है। बाहरी कड़ियाँ Omniglot: a guide to writing systems Ancient Scripts: Home:(Site with some introduction to different writing systems and group them into origins/types/families/regions/timeline/A to Z) Deseret Alphabet ब्राह्मी से व्युत्पन्न लिपियों के परस्पर परिवर्तन का आनलाइन औजार सन्दर्भ 2 श्रेणी:विश्व की लिपियाँ