Skip to main content

  | मौसम…

411 समाचार
Public archive edition · Attributed source reporting with original dates · AI drafts are excluded

411 REFERENCE · Wikipedia

भौतिक नियतांक

Reference material by Wikipedia contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.

भौतिक नियतांक (physical constant) उस भौतिक राशि (physical quantity) को कहते हैं जिसके बारे में ऐसा विश्वास किया जाता है कि वह राशि प्रकृति में सार्वत्रिक (universal) है तथा समय के साथ अपरिवर्तनशील या नियत है। भौतिक नियतांक, गणितीय नियतांक से इस मामले में भिन्न हैं कि गणितीय नियतांक संख्यात्मक दृष्टि से तो नियत होते हैं किन्तु उनका किसी मापन से सम्बन्ध नहीं होता। विज्ञान में बहुत से भौतिक नियतांक हैं जिनमें से प्रमुख हैं - शून्य में प्रकाश का वेग c, गुरुत्वाकर्षण नियतांक G, प्लांक नियतांक h, निर्वात का विद्युत नियतांक ε0, तथा एलेक्ट्रान का आवेश e. विमासहित एवं विमारहित भौतिक नियतांक (Dimensionful and dimensionless physical constants) विस्तृत जानकारी के लिये मूलभूत भौतिक नियतांक देखें। सार्वत्रिक नियतांकों की सारणी QuantitySymbolValueRelative Standard Uncertaintyspeed of light in vacuum299 792 458 m·s−1definedNewtonian constant of gravitation6.67428 (67) -11 m3·kg−1·s−21.0 × 10−4Planck constant6.626 068 96(33) × 10−34 J·s5.0 × 10−8reduced Planck constant1.054 571 628(53) × 10−34 J·s5.0 × 10−8 विद्युतचुम्बकीय नियतांकों की सारणी QuantitySymbolValueThe values are given in the so-called concise form; the number in brackets is the standard uncertainty, which is the value multiplied by the relative standard uncertainty. (SI units)Relative Standard Uncertaintymagnetic constant (vacuum permeability)4π × 10−7 N·A−2 = 1.256 637 061... × 10−6 N·A−2definedelectric constant (vacuum permittivity)8.854 187 817... × 10−12 F·m−1definedcharacteristic impedance of vacuum376.730 313 461... ΩdefinedCoulomb's constant8.987 551 787... × 109 N·m²·C−2definedelementary charge1.602 176 487(40) × 10−19 C2.5 × 10−8Bohr magneton927.400 915(23) × 10−26 J·T−12.5 × 10−8conductance quantum7.748 091 7004(53) × 10−5 S6.8 × 10−10inverse conductance quantum12 906.403 7787(88) Ω6.8 × 10−10Josephson constant4.835 978 91(12) × 1014 Hz·V−12.5 × 10−8magnetic flux quantum2.067 833 667(52) × 10−15 Wb2.5 × 10−8nuclear magneton5.050 783 43(43) × 10−27 J·T−18.6 × 10−8von Klitzing constant25 812.807 557(18) Ω6.8 × 10−10 परमाणवीय एवं नाभिकीय नियतांकों की सारणी {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="2"| Quantity !Symbol !Value (SI units) !Relative Standard Uncertainty |- | colspan=2 |Bohr radius | |5.291 772 108(18) × 10−11 m |3.3 × 10−9 |- | colspan=2 |classical electron radius | |2.817 940 2894(58) × 10−15 m |2.1 × 10−9 |- | colspan=2 |electron mass | | 9.109 382 15(45) × 10−31 kg |5.0 × 10−8 |- |colspan=2| Fermi coupling constant | |1.166 39(1) × 10−5 GeV−2 |8.6 × 10−6 |- |colspan=2 |fine-structure constant | |7.297 352 537 6(50) × 10−3 |6.8 × 10−10 |- |colspan=2 |Hartree energy | |4.359 744 17(75) × 10−18 J |1.7 × 10−7 |- |colspan=2 |proton mass | | 1.672 621 637(83) × 10−27 kg |5.0 × 10<sup>−8<sup> |- |colspan=2 |quantum of circulation | |3.636 947 550(24) × 10−4 m² s−1 |6.7 × 10−9 |- |colspan=2 |Rydberg constant | |10 973 731.568 525(73) m−1 |6.6 × 10−12 |- |colspan=2 |Thomson cross section | |6.652 458 73(13) × 10−29 m² |2.0 × 10−8 |- |colspan=2 |weak mixing angle | |0.222 15(76)</td> 3.4 × 10−3 |- |} भौतिक-रासायनिक नियतांकों की सारणी QuantitySymbolValue (SI units)Relative Standard Uncertaintyatomic mass unit (unified atomic mass unit)1.660 538 86(28) × 10−27 kg1.7 × 10−7Avogadro's number6.022 141 5(10) × 1023 mol−11.7 × 10−7Boltzmann constant1.380 6504(24) × 10−23 J·K−11.8 × 10−6Faraday constant96 485.3383(83)C·mol−18.6 × 10−8first radiation constant 3.741 771 18(19) × 10−16 W·m²5.0 × 10−8for spectral radiance1.191 042 82(20) × 10−16 W·m² sr−11.7 × 10−7Loschmidt constantat =273.15 K and =101.325 kPa2.686 777 3(47) × 1025 m−31.8 × 10−6gas constant8.314 472(15) J·K−1·mol−11.7 × 10−6molar Planck constant3.990 312 716(27) × 10−10 J·s·mol−16.7 × 10−9molar volume of an ideal gasat =273.15 K and =100 kPa2.2710 981(40) × 10−2 m³·mol−11.7 × 10−6at =273.15 K and =101.325 kPa2.2413 996(39) × 10−2 m³·mol−11.7 × 10−6Sackur-Tetrode constantat =1 K and =100 kPa −1.151 704 7(44)3.8 × 10−6at =1 K and =101.325 kPa−1.164 867 7(44)3.8 × 10−6second radiation constant1.438 775 2(25) × 10−2 m·K1.7 × 10−6Stefan-Boltzmann constant5.670 400(40) × 10−8 W·m−2·K−47.0 × 10−6Wien displacement law constant 4.965 114 231...2.897 768 5(51) × 10−3 m·K1.7 × 10−6 स्वीकृत मानों की सारणी (Table of adopted values) QuantitySymbolValue (SI units)Relative Standard Uncertaintyconventional value of Josephson constantThis is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the volt using the Josephson effect.4.835 979 × 1014 Hz·V−1definedconventional value of von Klitzing constantThis is the value adopted internationally for realizing representations of the ohm using the quantum Hall effect.25 812.807 Ωdefinedmolar massconstant1 × 10−3 kg·mol−1definedof carbon-121.2 × 10−2 kg·mol−1definedstandard acceleration of gravity (gee, free-fall on Earth)9.806 65 m·s−2definedstandard atmosphere101 325 Padefined प्राकृतिक इकाइयाँ Natural units Using dimensional analysis, it is possible combine fundamental physical constants to produce basic units of measurement. Depending on the choice and arrangement of constants used, the resulting natural units may have physical meaning. For example, Planck units use and to derive constants relevant to unified theories, including quantum gravity. Name Dimension Expression Value (SI units) Planck length Length (L) 1.616 252(81) × 10−35 m Planck mass Mass (M) 2.176 44(11) × 10−8 kg Planck time Time (T) 5.391 24(27) × 10−44 s Planck charge Electric charge (Q) 1.875 545 870(47) × 10−18 C Planck temperature Temperature (Θ) 1.416 785(71) × 1032 K टिप्पणियाँ सन्दर्भ Barrow, John D., The Constants of Nature; From Alpha to Omega - The Numbers that Encode the Deepest Secrets of the Universe. Pantheon Books, 2002. ISBN 0-375-42221-8. इन्हें भी देखें भौतिक राशि बाहरी कड़ियाँ Sixty Symbols, University of Nottingham IUPAC - Gold Book श्रेणी:मापन श्रेणी:वैज्ञानिक नियम