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हिन्दु कुश
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उपरीषैण
Hindu Kush mountains (30357238428).jpg Hindu Kush The Hindu Kush mountains at the Afghanistan-Pakistan border Countries Afghanistan Pakistan Tajikistan Region South and Central Asia Himalayas Tirich Mir (Pakistan) 7708
800 36 14 45 N 71 50 38 E type:mountain_scale:100000 dms inline Approximate Hindu Kush range with Dorah Pass.png 270 Topography of the Hindu Kush rangeHindu Kush, Encyclopedia Iranica Hindu Kush yes yes
उपरीषैण उत्तरी पाकिस्तान के विवादीत भाग से मध्य अफ़ग़ानिस्तान तक विस्तृत एक ८०० किमी चलने वाली पर्वत शृंखला है। इसका सबसे ऊँचा पहाड़ पाकिस्तान के ख़ैबर पख़्तूनख़्वा प्रान्त के चित्राल ज़िले में स्थित ७,७०८ मीटर (२५,२८९ फ़ुट) लम्बा तिरिच मीर पर्वत है।Himalaya, Michael Palin, Basil Pao, Macmillan, 2005, ISBN 978-0-312-34162-6, ... the solitary bulk of Tirich Mir, 25228 feet (7708 m), the highest mountain in the Hindu Kush ... उपरीषैण पामीर पर्वतों से जाकर जुड़ते हैं और हिमालय की एक उपशाखा माने जाते हैं। उपरीषैण का दूसरा सबसे ऊँचा पहाड़ नोशक पर्वत और तीसरा इस्तोर-ओ-नल है।Discover Afghanistan, Richard Spilsbury, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4488-6619-9, ... Highest Point: Noshak 24557 feet (7485 m) ...Joseph E. Murphy, Jr., 'The Ascent of Istor-o-Nal', American Alpine Journal, 1956, pp. 66-74. उपरीषैण पहाड़ों की अत्यधिक ऊँचाई के बावजूद इस शृंखला में बहुत से दर्रे हैं जिनसे इस शृंखला से लोगों का आना-जाना सदियों से बना हुआ है।World and Its Peoples https://web.archive.org/web/20140911003527/http://books.google.com/books?id=j894miuOqc4C 11 सितंबर 2014, Marshall Cavendish, Marshall Cavendish, 2006, ISBN 978-0-7614-7571-2, ... In Pakistan, a separate range — the Hindu Raj — runs south of, and parallel to, the Hindu Kush. A series of high passes penetrates the Hindu Kush, which is less of a barrier to the movement of peoples than its great height might suggest ...
नाम
हिन्दु कुश पर्वतों को संस्कृत में 'ऊपरासेना' बुलाया जाता था। जब इस इलाक़े में सिकंदर की जीत हुई तो इन पर्वतों को यूनानी भाषा में 'कौकासोस इन्दिकोस' (Καύκασος Ινδικός, Caucasus Indicus) यानि 'भारतीय पर्वत' बुलाया जाने लगा।
हिंदू-के-हत्यारा
हिंदू कुश आम तौर पर इसका अनुवाद हिंदू के हत्यारे के रूप में किया जाता है। उन पहाड़ों में स्थित खतरनाक दर्रों के कारण।[a] Michael Franzak https://books.google.com/books?id=KqenaOE0ziIC&pg=PA241 A Nightmare's Prayer: A Marine Harrier Pilot's War in Afghanistan Simon and Schuster 2010 978-1-4391-9499-7 241;[b] Ehsan Yarshater https://books.google.com/books?id=ulYOAQAAMAAJ Encyclopædia Iranica The Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation 2003 978-0-933273-76-4 312[c] James Wynbrandt https://books.google.com/books?id=xQGwgJnCPZgC A Brief History of Pakistan Infobase Publishing 2009 978-0-8160-6184-6 5;[d] Encyclopedia Americana 1993 14 206;[e] André Wink https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&pg=PA110 Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7th–11th Centuries BRILL Academic 2002 978-0-391-04173-8 110, Quote: "(..) the Muslim Arabs also applied the name 'Khurasan' to all the Muslim provinces to the east of the Great Desert and up to the Hindu-Kush ('Hindu killer') mountains, the Chinese desert and the Pamir mountains".Runion Meredith L. https://books.google.com/books?id=EY6NDgAAQBAJ&q=%22hindu+kush%22+%22killer+of+hindus%22&pg=PA4 The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition 2017-04-24 ABC-CLIO 978-1-61069-778-1 en The literal translation of the name “Hindu Kush” is a true reflection of its forbidding topography, as this difficult and jagged section of Afghanistan translates to “Killer of Hindus.”Weston Christine https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFDhAAAAMAAJ&q=%22hindu+kush%22+%22hindu+killers%22 Afghanistan 1962 Scribner en To the north and northeast, magnificent and frightening, stretched the mountains of the Hindu Kush, or Hindu Killers, a name derived from the fact that in ancient times slaves brought from India perished here like flies from exposure and cold.Knox Barbara https://books.google.com/books?id=vzPswhHQAH0C&q=%22hindu+kush%22+%22killer+of+hindus%22&pg=PA4 Afghanistan 2004 Capstone 978-0-7368-2448-4 en Hindu Kush means "killer of Hindus." Many people have died trying to cross these mountains.The World Book Encyclopedia World Book Inc. 1990 1994 9 235Boyle J.A. A Practical Dictionary of the Persian Language Luzac & Co. 1949 129Francis Joseph Steingass https://books.google.com/books?id=knA9NptP7xsC&pg=PA1030 A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary Asian Educational Services 1992 978-81-206-0670-8 1030–1031 (kush means "killer, kills, slays, murders, oppresses"), p. 455 (khirs–kush means "bear killer"), p. 734 (shutur–kush means "camel butcher"), p. 1213 (mardum–kush means "man slaughter")
सन्दर्भ
श्रेणी:हिन्दु कुश
श्रेणी:पर्वतमालाएँ
श्रेणी:पाकिस्तान की पर्वतमालाएँ
श्रेणी:अफ़ग़ानिस्तान की पर्वतमालाएँ
श्रेणी:हिमालय की पर्वतमालाएँ