विकिपिडिया:IPA for Swedish and Norwegian

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Swedish and Norwegian pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Swedish phonology and Norwegian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of these languages. Examples in the table are Swedish unless otherwise noted. {| style="background:none;" | valign="top" | {| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em" ! colspan="4"| Consonants |- ! colspan="2"|IPA !! rowspan="2"|Examples !! rowspan="2"|Nearest English equivalent |- ! Swed. 30px!! Norw. 30px |- |align="center" colspan="2"|b | abort ('abortion') | about |- |align="center" |ɕ |align="center" |ç | Kina ('China') | she (Swedish), hue (Norwegian) |- |align="center" colspan="2"|d | dag | do |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ɖIn many of the dialects that have an apical rhotic consonant, a recursive Sandhi process of retroflexion occurs wherein clusters of /r/ and dental consonants /rd/, /rl/, /rn/, /rs/, /rt/ produce retroflex consonant realizations: ɖ, ɭ, ɳ, ʂ, ʈ. In dialects with a guttural R, such as Southern Swedish and many Southern and Western Norwegian dialects these are [ʀd], [ʀl], [ʀn], [ʀs], [ʀt]. | nord ('north') | order |- |align="center" colspan="2"|f | fot ('foot') | fold |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ɡ | god ('good') | ago |- |align="center" colspan="2"|h | hatt ('hat') |hoot |- |align="center" |ɧSwedish /ɧ/ is a regionally variable sound, sometimes [xʷ], [ɸˠ], or ʂ |align="center"| ʃ | Swedish: sjok ('chunk'), Norwegian: sjø ('sea') | loch etc. (Swedish)shoe (Norwegian) |- |align="center" colspan="2" |j | jojo ('yo-yo') | you |- |align="center" colspan="2"|k | kafé ('café') | coo |- |align="center" colspan="2"|l | lake (Norwegian: 'brine', Norwegian and Swedish: 'burbot') | love |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ɭ | Karl (male first name) | twirl |- |align="center" colspan="2"|m | man ('mane') | mood |- |align="center" colspan="2"|n | natt ('night') | noon |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ɳ | barn ('child') | turner |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ŋ | ting ('thing') | long |- |align="center" colspan="2"|p | pappa ('father') | pool |- |align="center" colspan="2"|r/r/ is regionally variable, being alveolar in some dialects and uvular in others. | år ('year') | A flapped or trilled R. |- |align="center" colspan="2"|s | sabel ('sabre') | soon |- |align="center" |ʂ | | torsdag ('Thursday') | marshal (in some dialects) |- |align="center" colspan="2"|t | torsdag ('Thursday') | too |- |align="center" colspan="2"|ʈ | parti ('political party') | cartel |- |align="center" |v |align="center" |ʋ | vaktel ('quail') | vote in Swedish;between v and w in Norwegian |- |} | valign="top" | VowelsIPA Examples Nearest English equivalent Swed. 30px Norw. 30pxɑː mat [ˈmɑːt] "food" braaɑ fast [ˈfast]/[ˈfɑst] "steady, unmoving" fatheræːBefore /r/, the quality of non-high front vowels is changed in Swedish. /ɛː/ and /ɛ/ lower to æ; /øː/, and /œ/ are lowered to [œ̞], though the diacritic is not included in the chart above for simplicity. ära [æːra]/"ære" [æːre] "honor" Australian ham æ fersk [ˈfæʂːk] "fresh" trapeː hel [ˈheːl] "whole" Scottish saveɛː häl [ˈhɛːl] "heel" thereɛ häll/helle [ˈhɛl] "flat rock" helliː sil [ˈsiːl] "sieve" leafɪ sill/sild [ˈsɪl]/[ˈsɪl(d)] "herring" hilloː mål [ˈmoːl] "goal" Scottish/Canadian stoveɔ moll [ˈmɔl] "minor" (music) moll, with round lipsøː dö/dø ['døː] "die" No English equivalent; German long öœ nött [ˈnœt] "worn" in Swedishnøtt "nut" in Norwegian No English equivalent; German short öœː öra [œːra] "ear" British learn or furɵʉ full [ˈfɵl] "full" bird, with tight lipsVowels spelled u, o are compressed vowels. Those spelled ö/ø, y, å, on the other hand, are protruded vowels.uː bot [ˈbuːt] "penance" bootʉː ful [ˈfʉːl] "ugly, cunning, sly" fuel, Australian food, with tight lips[ʉː] is a central vowel in Oslo, but a front vowel in Stockholm.ʊ bott [ˈbʊt] "lived" in Swedish put, with tight lipsyː syl [ˈsyːl] "awl" No English equivalent; French uʏ syll [ˈsʏl] "sleeper" (railroad) in Swedish;fylle "fill" in Norwegian No English equivalent; German short ü unstressed ə begå [bəˈgoː] "commit" about Stress and tone IPA Examples Swedishˈa [ˈandɛn] "the duck" Tone 1 / acute accent: • Single stress with single falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈândɛn]• Low tone [ˈà] in Oslo and falling tone [ˈâ] in western Norwayˈa.ˈa [ˈanˈdɛn] "the spirit" Tone 2 / grave accent: • Double stress with double falling tone in Stockholm: [ˈânˈdɛ̂n]• Falling tone [ˈâ] in Oslo and rising-falling tone in western Norway |} Notes Bibliography Duden 6: Das Aussprachewörterbuch'' (3d edition, 1990, ISBN 3-411-20916-X). Swedish