इस्लाम के आरम्भिक इतिहास के विवादित विषय

इस्लाम के आरम्भिक इतिहास में बहुत सी सी बातें अनिश्चित हैं तथा बहुत से विषय (मुद्दे) विवादित हैं। Islam started with Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous Prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam.Esposito John Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.) https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0000espo 1998 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-511234-4 9, 12Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.Peters F.E. Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians 2003 Princeton University Press 0-691-11553-2 9 registration https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe/page/9 बहुत से विवादित विषयों की जड़ में शियाओं और सुन्नियों के बीच असहमति है। शिया प्रायः यह कहते हैं कि बानू उमय्यद के एजेन्डे को पूरा करने के लिए इतिहास को तोड़ा-मरोड़ा गया है।Some 20th-century Shia scholars have protested the conversion of history into mythology. Prominent critics include: Morteza Motahhari (Meaning of 'Ashura: Misrepresentations & Distortions https://web.archive.org/web/20130804181521/http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/ashura/ 4 अगस्त 2013 , 'Ashura - History and Popular Legend https://web.archive.org/web/20130606070842/http://www.al-islam.org/al-tawhid/ashura/1.htm 6 जून 2013 and 'Ashura - Misrepresentations and Distortions https://web.archive.org/web/20051114091437/http://www.imamalinet.net/vigenam/moharam1422/en/e2.htm November 14, 2005 ), Abbas Qomi, author of Nafas al-Mahmoum (Nafasul Mahmoom https://web.archive.org/web/20080724171734/http://www.al-islam.org/nafas/ 24 जुलाई 2008 ), and Sayyid Abd-al-Razzaq Al-Muqarram, author of Maqtalul-Husayn (Ḥusayn Ibn ʿAlī, Al, Encyclopedia of Religion https://web.archive.org/web/20170208053541/http://www.bookrags.com/research/usayn-ibn-al-al--eorl-06/ 8 फ़रवरी 2017 ) प्रमुख विवादित मुद्दे August 2008 मुहम्मद का उत्तराधिकारी मुहम्मद की जन्मतिथिThe Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity by Scott Fitzgerald Johnson (edited). "The historical Muhammad and the Qur'an". मोहम्मद की मृत्यु की तिथि फातिमा की जन्मतिथि (±10 वर्ष)Fatima ['a] The Gracious http://www.al-islam.org/gracious/7.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20121201082756/http://www.al-islam.org/gracious/7.htm 1 दिसंबर 2012 There are differences of opinion on the exact date of her birth, but the widely accepted view is that she was born five years before the first Quranic revelations, during the time of the rebuilding of the Kaaba in 605, although this does imply she was over 18 at the time of her marriage, which was unusual in Arabia.(See MSN Encarta article on Fatimah https://web.archive.org/web/20070902023031/http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761553645 2007-09-02 and Encyclopædia Britannica https://web.archive.org/web/20071226045311/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9364250/Fatimah 26 दिसंबर 2007 ) Twelver Shia sources, however, state that she was born either two or five years after the first Qur'anic revelations, but that timeline would imply her mother was over fifty at the time of her birth. खदीजा ने किस उम्र में मुहम्मद से विवाह किया। (25–40 वर्ष)http://icraa.org/the-age-of-khadija-at-the-time-of-her-marriage-with-the-prophet/ 26 January 2017 Khadija's age at the Time of her Marriage with the Prophet: 40 or 28? 2016-03-17 https://web.archive.org/web/20190415013002/http://icraa.org/the-age-of-khadija-at-the-time-of-her-marriage-with-the-prophet/ 15 अप्रैल 2019 deadhttps://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri 26 January 2017 Khadijah, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Wife of Prophet Muhammad 2013-01-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20170202042147/https://www.al-islam.org/articles/khadijah-daughter-khuwaylid-wife-prophet-muhammad-yasin-t-al-jibouri 2 फ़रवरी 2017 live खजीदा की तीन बेटियाँ किस विवाह से उत्पन्न हुईं थीं?For more, see Genealogy of Khadija's daughters. मुहम्मद से विवाह के पहले खदीजा ने कितने विवाह और किए थे? निकाह मुताह का निषेध आयशा की जन्मतिथि मुहम्मद की दूसरी बीबी कौन? (सावदा बिन्त ज़ामा या आयशा) उम्म कुलथुम बिन्त अली वास्तव में कौन हैं जिन्होने उमर से विवाह किया (बिन्त अली, बिन्त अबू बक्र, या कोई तीसरा?) फातिमा के तीसरे बेटे मुहसिन इब्न अली का अस्तित्व अबू तालिब इब्न अब्द अल-मुत्तालिब का अन्तिम इमान किस पर था? मुहम्मद की पैतृक सम्पत्ति तथा फदक एवं खयबर]] की जमीन का विवाद फातिमा को कहाँ दफनाया गया था? शैतानी आयतों वाली घटना पठनीय Qur'an and History — a Disputed Relationship: Some Reflections on Qur'anic History and History in the Qur'an / القرآن والتاريخ: علاقة موضع جدل Angelika Neuwirth and ٲنجليکا نيوورث. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. Vol. 5, No. 1 (2003), pp. 1–18. Edinburgh University Press. Tayeb El-Hibri, Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History: The Rashidun Caliphs. Columbia University Press, 2010. Jóhann Páll Árnason, Civilizations in Dispute: Historical Questions and Theoretical Traditions. BRILL, Jan 1, 2003. Régis Blachère, The problem of Muhammad - test critical biography of the founder of Islam, a volume of 135 pages, University Press of France, Paris, 1952. टिप्पणी सन्दर्भ बाहरी कड़ियाँ Early Troubles in Muslim History, Shia articles at shiabook.blogspot श्रेणी:इस्लाम का इतिहासलेखन