विंडोज़ एन.टी.

विंडोज़ एन.टी.Windows NT 300px Microsoft 1993 7 27(as Windows NT 3.1) Windows 10, version 1909 (10.0.18363.535)2019 12 10 Graphical (Windows shell) Depending on version, edition or customer choice: Trialware, commercial software, volume licensing, OEM-only, SaaS, S+SFor more information on how Microsoft licenses its products, see Microsoft Software Assurance, DreamSpark, DreamSpark Premium, BizSpark, MSDN Software subscriptions, Microsoft TechNet Subscriptions and downloads and client access license. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ Closed-source Source-available (through Shared Source Initiative) C, C++, and Assembly language http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html The Programming Languages Beacon v10.0 Vincent Lextrait January 2010 January 4, 2010 https://archive.today/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html 30 मई 2012 dead Hybrid Current IA-32, x86-64 and ARM (and historically DEC Alpha, Itanium, MIPS, and PowerPC) Windows 10, codename 20H2 (10.0.19551.1005) <br/ >2020 01 23 Windows 10, version 2004 (10.0.19041.21)<br/ >2020 01 14 Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services विंडोज़ एन.टी. (अंग्रेजी में: Windows NT) या विंडोज़ एनटी या विंडोज़ NT माइक्रोसॉफ्ट द्वारा निर्मित ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का एक परिवार है, जिसका पहला संस्करण 27 जुलाई, 1993 को जारी किया गया था। यह एक प्रोसेसर-स्वतंत्र (processor-independent), मल्टीप्रोसेसिंग (multiprocessing) और बहु-उपयोगकर्ता ( multi-user) ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम है। Windows NT का पहला संस्करण Windows NT 3.1 था और इसे वर्कस्टेशन और सर्वर कंप्यूटर के लिए निर्मित किया गया था। इसका उद्देश्य विंडोज के उपभोक्ता संस्करणों को पूरक करना था जो एमएस-डॉस (विंडोज़ 3.1x के माध्यम से विंडोज़ 1.0 सहित) पर आधारित थे। धीरे-धीरे, विंडोज़ एन.टी. परिवार को माइक्रोसॉफ्ट के सामान्य-उद्देश्य ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम उत्पाद पंक्ति में सभी व्यक्तिगत कंप्यूटरों के लिए लागू कर दिया गया, तथा इसने विंडोज 9x परिवार को अस्वीकृत बना दिया। "NT" का विस्तारित रुप पहले "न्यू टेक्नोलॉजी" था, लेकिन अब यह कोई विशिष्ट अर्थ नहीं रखता है। विंडोज़ 2000 से हीhttp://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1998/oct98/nt5.aspx Microsoft Renames Windows NT 5.0 Product Line to Windows 2000; Signals Evolution of Windows NT Technology Into Mainstream October 27, 1998 Microsoft 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20140610224640/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1998/oct98/nt5.aspx 10 जून 2014 live "NT" को उत्पाद नाम से हटा दिया गया था तथा केवल उत्पाद संस्करण शृंखला (string) में इसे शामिल किया गया है। https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/system.operatingsystem.versionstring%28v=vs.100%29.aspx OperatingSystem.VersionString Property November 10, 2014 MSDN Microsoft https://web.archive.org/web/20130515073034/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/system.operatingsystem.versionstring(v=vs.100).aspx 15 मई 2013 live NT विंडोज़ का पहला विशुद्ध रूप से 32-बिट संस्करण था, जबकि इसके उपभोक्ता-उन्मुख समकक्ष, विंडोज़ 3.1x और विंडोज़ 9x, 16-बिट/32-बिट संकर (hybrids) थे। यह एक मल्टी-आर्किटेक्चर ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम है। प्रारंभ में, इसने IA-32, MIPS और DEC Alpha सहित कई instruction set architectures को समर्थन (support) किया; PowerPC, Itanium, x64 और ARM के लिए समर्थन बाद में जोड़ा गया। नवीनतम संस्करण x86 (अधिक विशेष रूप से IA-32 और x64) और ARM का समर्थन करते हैं। विंडोज एनटी परिवार की प्रमुख विशेषताओं में विंडोज शैल, विंडोज एपीआई, नेटिव एपीआई, एक्टिव डायरेक्टरी, ग्रुप पॉलिसी, हार्डवेयर एब्स्ट्रक्शन लेयर, एनटीएफएस, बिटलॉकर, विंडोज स्टोर, विंडोज अपडेट और हाइपर-वी शामिल हैं। नामकरण (Naming) Features: it is based in high level language विकास (Development) विमोचन (Releases) माइक्रोसॉफ्ट विंडोज़ संस्करणों की सूची + Windows NT releases Version Marketing name Editions Release date Build number 3.1 Windows NT 3.1 Workstation (named just Windows NT), Advanced Server July 27, 1993 528 3.5 Windows NT 3.5 Workstation, Server September 21, 1994 807 3.51 Windows NT 3.51 May 30, 1995 1057 4.0 Windows NT 4.0 Workstation, Server, Server Enterprise Edition, Terminal Server, Embedded August 24, 1996 1381 5.0 Windows 2000 Professional, Server, Advanced Server February 17, 2000 2195 Datacenter Server September 26, 2000 5.1 Windows XP Home, Professional, Media Center (original, 2004 & 2005), Tablet PC (original and 2005), Starter, Embedded, Home N, Professional N October 25, 2001 2600 Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs July 8, 2006 5.2 Windows XP 64-bit Edition Version 2003 (IA-64)March 2003 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2003/mar03/03-28WinXP64BitPR.mspx Microsoft Releases Windows XP 64-Bit Edition Version 2003 to Manufacturing January 14, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20111230022705/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2003/mar03/03-28winxp64bitpr.mspx 30 दिसंबर 2011 live March 28, 2003 3790 Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster April 24, 2003 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (x86-64) April 25, 2005 Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web, Storage, Small Business Server, Compute Cluster December 6, 2005 Windows Home Server July 16, 2007 6.0 Windows Vista Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Business, Enterprise, Ultimate Business: November 30, 2006 Consumer: January 30, 2007 6000 (RTM) 6001 (SP1) 6002 (SP2) Windows Server 2008 Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web Server, HPC Server, Itanium-Based Systems http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/editions-overview.aspx Windows Server 2008 Overview of Editions Microsoft May 18, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100802125216/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2008/en/us/editions-overview.aspx 2 अगस्त 2010 live February 27, 2008 6001 (RTM) 6002 (SP2) 6.1 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/dd371754(VS.85).aspx Operating System Versioning May 20, 2009 Microsoft Developer Network Microsoft July 6, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20180103133551/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-gb/library/dd371754(VS.85).aspx 3 जनवरी 2018 live Windows 7 Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, Ultimatehttp://windowsteamblog.com/blogs/windows7/archive/2009/02/04/a-closer-look-at-the-windows-7-skus.aspx A closer look at the Windows 7 SKUs LeBlanc Brandon February 4, 2009 Blogging Windows Microsoft February 5, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090208104612/http://windowsteamblog.com/blogs/windows7/archive/2009/02/04/a-closer-look-at-the-windows-7-skus.aspx 8 फ़रवरी 2009 dead October 22, 2009https://gizmodo.com/5275938/windows-7-to-be-released-october-22 Windows 7 To Be Released October 22 Rothman Wilson June 2, 2009 Gizmodo June 6, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20181228125942/https://gizmodo.com/5275938/windows-7-to-be-released-october-22 28 दिसंबर 2018 live 7600 (RTM) 7601 (SP1) Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation, Standard, Enterprise, Datacenter, Web Server, HPC Server, Itanium-Based Systems Windows Home Server 2011 April 6, 2011 7600 (RTM)Windows Thin PCJune 6, 20117601 (RTM) 6.2 Windows 8 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/br229516/ Windows Developer network Microsoft 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231118/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/br229516/ 14 जुलाई 2014 live Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, Windows 8 Enterprise, Windows RT Announcing the Windows 8 Editions http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/04/16/announcing-the-windows-8-editions.aspx LeBlanc Brandon April 16, 2012 Blogging Windows Microsoft April 17, 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120418070243/http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/04/16/announcing-the-windows-8-editions.aspx 18 अप्रैल 2012 dead October 26, 2012http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/07/18/windows-8-will-be-available-on.aspx Windows 8 will be available on… Microsoft July 18, 2012 July 18, 2012 https://www.webcitation.org/69H09n1mH?url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/07/18/windows-8-will-be-available-on.aspx 19 जुलाई 2012 dead 9200 Windows Server 2012 Windows valley http://www.windowsvalley.com/windows-server-8-named-windows-server-2012/ Windows server 8 named Windows server 2012 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20160610091517/http://www.windowsvalley.com/windows-server-8-named-windows-server-2012/ 10 जून 2016 dead . Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter Windows Server 2012 Editions Server cloud http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/2012-editions.aspx July 8, 2012 https://www.webcitation.org/6CNxLuTXb?url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/windows-server/buy.aspx 23 नवंबर 2012 live September 4, 2012 6.3 Microsoft's Windows Blue looks to be named Windows 8.1 http://www.zdnet.com/microsofts-windows-blue-looks-to-be-named-windows-8-1-7000013391/ ZDNet 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074208/http://www.zdnet.com/microsofts-windows-blue-looks-to-be-named-windows-8-1-7000013391/ 6 अक्तूबर 2014 live Windows 8.1 Windows 8.1, Windows 8.1 Pro, Windows 8.1 Enterprise, Windows RT 8.1 October 18, 2013 9600 https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/24/4652054/microsoft-windows-8-1-rtm Windows 8.1 is ready for its October 17th release The Verge Vox Media Tom Warren August 24, 2013 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20181228125948/https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/24/4652054/microsoft-windows-8-1-rtm 28 दिसंबर 2018 live Windows Server 2012 R2 Foundation, Essentials, Standard, Datacenter10.0Thurrott Paul Microsoft Confirms that Windows 10 will also be Version 10 Internally https://www.itprotoday.com/windows-server/microsoft-confirms-windows-10-will-also-be-version-10-internally ITProToday Informa Tech November 22, 2014 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20190405210620/https://www.itprotoday.com/windows-server/microsoft-confirms-windows-10-will-also-be-version-10-internally 5 अप्रैल 2019 deadWindows 10Home Single Language, Home, Pro, Pro Education, Pro for Workstationshttps://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2017/08/10/microsoft-announces-windows-10-pro-workstations/ Microsoft announces Windows 10 Pro for Workstations Pidgeon Elana Blog Editor for the Windows 2017-08-10 Microsoft 365 Blog en-US 2018-12-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20190719203855/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2017/08/10/microsoft-announces-windows-10-pro-workstations/ 19 जुलाई 2019 live, Enterprise, Education, Windows 10 S, IoT Core, Mobile, Mobile Enterprisehttp://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2015/05/13/introducing-windows-10-editions/ Introducing Windows 10 Editions Tony Prophet May 13, 2015 Microsoft 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20150513225550/http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2015/05/13/introducing-windows-10-editions/ 13 मई 2015 liveFoley Mary Jo Microsoft to add new Windows 10 Pro Education edition to its line-up http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-add-new-windows-10-pro-education-version-to-its-line-up/ ZDNet CBS Interactive July 27, 2016 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20191214025243/https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-add-new-windows-10-pro-education-version-to-its-line-up/ 14 दिसंबर 2019 liveJuly 29, 2015 10240 (TH1) 10586 (TH2) 14393 (RS1) 15063 (RS2) 16299 (RS3) 17134 (RS4) 17763 (RS5) 18362 (19H1) 18363 (19H2) 19041.21 (20H1) 19551.1005 (20H2) Windows Server 2016 Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Multipoint Premium Server, Storage Server, Hyper-V Server September 26, 2016 14393 (RS1) Windows Server 2019 Essentials, Standard, Datacenter, Multipoint Premium Server, Hyper-V Server October 2, 2018 17763 (RS5) प्रोग्रामन भाषा (Programming language) समर्थित प्लेटफ़ॉर्म (Supported platforms) 32-बिट प्लेटफॉर्म (32-bit platforms) 64-बिट प्लेटफॉर्म (64-bit platforms) हार्डवेयर आवश्यकताएँ (Hardware requirements) + Windows NT minimum hardware requirements Windows version CPU RAM Free disk space NT 3.1 i386, 25 MHz 12 MB 90 MB NT 3.1 Advanced Server 16 MB NT 3.5 Workstationhttp://support.microsoft.com/kb/139733 Windows NT 3.5x Setup Troubleshooting Guide (MSKB 139733) Microsoft November 1, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20140622124234/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/139733 June 22, 2014 12 MB NT 3.5 Server 16 MB NT 3.51 Workstation 12 MB NT 3.51 Server 16 MB NT 4.0 Workstationhttp://support.microsoft.com/kb/126690 Info: Windows NT 4.0 Setup Troubleshooting Guide Microsoft October 31, 2006 https://web.archive.org/web/20140320165913/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/126690 March 20, 2014 i486, 25 MHz 12 MB 124 MB NT 4.0 Server 16 MB 2000 Professionalhttps://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/304297/system-requirements-for-microsoft-windows-2000-operating-systems System requirements for Microsoft Windows 2000 operating systems November 13, 2007 Support Microsoft September 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180107234345/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/304297/system-requirements-for-microsoft-windows-2000-operating-systems 7 जनवरी 2018 live Pentium, 133 MHz 32 MB 650 MB 2000 Server 128 MB XPhttps://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/314865/system-requirements-for-windows-xp-operating-systems System requirements for Microsoft Windows XP operating systems September 14, 2007 Support Microsoft August 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180101211111/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/314865/system-requirements-for-windows-xp-operating-systems 1 जनवरी 2018 live Pentium, 233 MHz 64 MB 1.5 GB Server 2003https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc738496(v=ws.10).aspx Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition: System requirements Microsoft January 21, 2005 January 11, 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20160307153137/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc738496(v=ws.10).aspx 7 मार्च 2016 live 133 MHz 128 MB Vista Home Basichttps://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/919183/system-requirements-for-windows-vista System requirements for Microsoft Windows Vista November 13, 2007 Support Microsoft September 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180906014159/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/919183/system-requirements-for-windows-vista 6 सितंबर 2018 live 800 MHz 512 MB 20 GB Vista (other editions) 1 GHz 1 GB 40 GB 7 for IA-32https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/10737/windows-7-system-requirements Windows 7 system requirements Support Microsoft September 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20200127222121/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/10737/windows-7-system-requirements/ 27 जनवरी 2020 live 16 GB 7 for x64 2 GB 20 GB 8 for IA-32https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12660/windows-8-system-requirements Windows 8 system requirements Support Microsoft September 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20191222144346/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/12660/windows-8-system-requirements 22 दिसंबर 2019 live 1 GHz with NX bit, SSE2, PAE 1 GB 16 GB 8 for x64 2 GB 20 GB 8.1 for IA-32 1 GB 16 GB 8.1 for x64 1 GHz with NX bit, SSE2, PAE, CMPXCHG16b, PrefetchW and LAHF/SAHF 2 GB 20 GB 10 for IA-32https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications Windows 10 Specifications & Systems Requirements microsoft.com Microsoft September 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20180501190351/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/windows-10-specifications 1 मई 2018 live 1 GHz with NX bit, SSE2, PAE 1 GB 16 GB 10 for x64 1 GHz with NX bit, SSE2, PAE, CMPXCHG16b, PrefetchW and LAHF/SAHF 2 GB 20 GB इन्हें भी देखें विंडोज़ एन.टी. का आर्किटेक्चर एफ 6 डिस्क विंडोज़ सर्वर डोमेन रिएक्टोस ([[[ओपन-सोर्स सॉफ्टवेयर | ओपन सोर्स]] बाइनरी प्रदान करने के लक्ष्य के साथ प्रोजेक्ट- और Windows NT के साथ डिवाइस ड्राइवर-स्तरीय संगतता) विंडोज़ एन.टी. स्टार्टअप प्रक्रिया विंडोज़ प्रीइंस्टॉलेशन पर्यावरण माइक्रोसॉफ्ट सर्वर टिप्पणियाँ सन्दर्भ बाहरी कड़ियाँ http://www.microsoft.com/windows Windows Microsoft official page 29 जनवरी 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200401083525/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/ 1 अप्रैल 2020 live . Win 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20020503172231/http://www.win2000mag.com/Articles/Print.cfm?ArticleID=4494 Windows NT and VMS: The Rest of the Story discussion of ancestry of NT Mark Russinovich May 3, 2002 http://www.win2000mag.com/Articles/Print.cfm?ArticleID=4494. https://web.archive.org/web/20040610122846/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/1998/winntfs.asp A Brief History of the Windows NT Operating System Microsoft PressPass fact sheet 1998 June 10, 2004 http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/1998/winntfs.asp. श्रेणी:१९९३ सॉफ्टवेयर एन.टी.