-을

을 Jeju Alternative forms jje -ㄹ after a vowel jje -를 rare formal after a vowel Pronunciation Particle jje particle -eul Indicates the direct object of a verb. jje 시리레 ᄀᆞ를 담-으라. Put the flour into the steamer. Usage notes jje -을 is used after a word ending with a consonant. If the preceding word ends in a vowel, jje -ㄹ is used instead. See also jje -이<pos:subject marker> -은<pos:topic marker> Korean Pronunciation Etymology 1 From ko okm - -을〮/-ᄋᆞᆯ〮 -úl/ól, from ko oko 乙 *-ur in the early second millennium, from even earlier oko 肹 in the late first millennium. The post-vocalic form ko -를 is probably formed by pre-Middle Korean reduplication, with the original form ko -ㄹ now relegated to colloquial speech. Alternative forms ko -를 after vowels ko -ㄹ after vowels, colloquial Particle particle The accusative particle, indicating the direct object of a verb. ko 너-를 사랑-했어. I loved you. ko 사람-을 살리다 to save a person ko 꽃-을 보다 to see a flower ko 부산-을 가다 to go to Busan ko 공부-를 하다 to study ko 커닝-을 하다 to cheat on a test In "long negation" constructions with ko -지, attaches to the negated verb to add emphasis. ko 아기-는 울지-를 않았다. The baby did not cry. ko 배구 선수-는 공-을 놓치지-를 않았다. The volleyball player did not lose the ball. ko southern _ Gyeongsang Indicates the indirect object of a verb. ko -한테 -에게 Usage notes Note that Korean verbal transitivity can differ from the English equivalent. In particular, verbs of motion can take direct objects, and most compound verbs with ko 하다 function as transitive verbs where the meaningful element is a noun which is the direct object of ko 하다. Korean case-marking particles can be omitted if the case is obvious from context; in such cases, the particle has an emphatic sense. ko -를 can occur after the locative particle ko -에 and the instrumental particle ko -으로. See also ko -이<pos:nominative case marker> -은<pos:topic marker> Etymology 2 adnominal From ko okm - -으ᇙ/ᄋᆞᇙ -ulq/olq, from ko oko 尸 *-(u)lq. In Old Korean, a (perhaps the) primary function of this suffix was to form verbal gerunds that could function as nouns, much as English en -ing-forms serve as both independent nouns and to attribute nouns adjectivally; this nominalizing usage was only vestigial in Middle Korean and is wholly defunct today. Alternative forms ko -ㄹ after vowels Suffix suffix A verbal and adjectival irrealis adnominal suffix; generally equivalent to English "that [one] will" or "who [one] will", but not always with a future meaning; indicates the future intention of the subject, the inference of the subject about an event (whether past, present, or future), a general timeless fact, something that ought to be done, etc. ko -은 realis/past adnominal suffix ko 파티-에 올 사람들 the people who are going to come to the party ko 친구-에게 줄 선물 the gift that I will give to my friend ko 죽일 놈 the bastard who ought to be killed the bastard who [people] ought to kill ko 비-가 올 때 이 거리-는 잠긴다. At times when it rains, this street is submerged. ko 목발-은 못 걸을 때 사용한다. You use crutches when you can't walk. ko 차가웠을 물 water which should have been cold; water which I predict was cold Usage notes Compare the realis/irrealis contrast: ko 차가웠-던 물 water which was [factually] cold ko 차가웠-을 물 water which should have been cold; water which I predict was cold Related terms ko -을 것 같다 -을 것이다 -을게 -을까 -을지 -으리 -으리라 Middle Korean Etymology okm oko 乙 *-(u)r. Pronunciation okm /ɨl/ Particle -을〮 -ᄋᆞᆯ〮 okm particle -을〮 Accusative case marker. Alternative forms okm -를〮 -ᄅᆞᆯ〮 -lúl -lól after vowels okm -ㄹ after vowels, variant Descendants ko 을