-eth

eth Eth ETH eth- Eth. eð eþ English Etymology 1 en third-person singular :inh enm:-eth<id:third-person singular> 1 From en enm -eth, enm -th, enm -ith, from en ang -eþ, ang -aþ, ang -þ, from en gem-pro *-þi, gem-pro *-di, from en ine-pro *-ti. Alternative forms en -th Pronunciation en /-əθ/ /ɪθ/ en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--eth.wav Southern England There is some evidence that verbs written with this ending in Early Modern English were pronounced as if they ended in en -s, which was common in speech before becoming common in writing. Alternatively (or in addition to the former) the Northumbrian dialect of Old English's third-person singular present indicative suffix, en -s, may have eventually displaced the -eth suffix. Suffix inflectional suffixes en archaic Used to form the third-person singular present indicative of verbs. en Pride goeth before a fall... The good Lord giveth and the good Lord taketh away... en humorous Used broadly with various verb forms for ironic pseudoarchaic or pseudoecclesiastical effect. en Hark, the assistant manager doth emaileth ye... But thou saideth!... Rolling a natural 20, he killedeth the kobolds... Verily, I am shooketh... Coordinate terms en -est, en -st See also en -e pseudoarchaic Etymology 2 en ordinal :inh enm:-the 1 From en enm -th, enm -eth, enm -the, enm -ethe, from en ang -þa, ang -þe, ang -oþa, from en gem-pro *-þô, gem-pro *-tô, gem-pro *-udô, gem-pro *-dô, from en ine-pro *-tós. Suffix used to create ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers ending in en -y, namely the multiples of ten (other than ten itself): 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90; e.g. twentieth, thirtieth. Derived terms en Anagrams en eht het the EHT Teh HET the- TEH teh Cornish Etymology From kw cnx -eth, from kw cel-bry-pro *-aɨθ, from kw cel-pro *-axtā, from cel-pro *axtā. Cognate with br -ezh, ga -acht, gv -aght, gd -achd, and cy -aeth. Related to kw -ieth. Suffix f r ~ Forms abstract nouns kw yowynk young yowynkneth youth kw diwyethek bilingual diwyethogeth bilingualism kw esel member eseleth membership Usage notes Often added with epenthetic n Derived terms kw Middle English Etymology 1 enm third-person singular :inh ang:-aþ Originally proper to the class 2 weak verbs; enm ang -aþ 1 third-person singular,-eth suf.(2) MED14589 from enm gmw-pro *-ōþ, from enm gem-pro *-ōþi, from enm ine-pro *-eh₂yéti. Alternative forms enm -et -eþ -it -ith -yt -yth -yþ enm -th -þ especially late; enm -ot -oth -oþ -ut -uth -uþ SW WM Pronunciation enm /-əθ/ Suffix enm suffix enm Central and South Midland K S Used to form the third-person singular present indicative of verbs (other than preterite-presents). Usage notes After the Early Middle English period, this suffix almost entirely supplants earlier enm -t, enm -th in strong and class 1 weak verbs over in the Central and Southeast Midlands and increasingly becomes an alternative option to that suffix elsewhere. However, a countervailing tendency to syncopate the vowel of this suffix operates, especially in Later Middle English and after vowel-final verb stems; the suffix's reflex usually retains it in the Early Modern orthoepists (writers on pronunciation), though this may be because it had largely been supplanted by en -s in everyday speech.II 311 880291 246 This suffix has been almost entirely supplanted by enm -es verbal in Northern Middle English even in the earliest surviving records; it is only slightly more frequent in North Midland Middle English. This replacement gradually diffuses southwards over the course of the Middle English period. Descendants en -eth -th archaic third-person singular gmw-msc -eth -ith literary, under Chaucerian influence 1 References Etymology 2 enm plural Originally proper to the class 1 weak verbs; enm ang -aþ 1 plural,-eth suf.(2) MED14589 from a generalisation of the Proto-West Germanic third-person singular enm gmw-pro *-anþ, from enm gem-pro *-anþi, from enm ine-pro *-eyónti, ine-pro *-yónti; for descendants of ang -iaþ, see enm -ieth. In central East Midland and northern East Anglian Middle English, possibly instead an analogical formation from Etymology 1 modelled after the Northern and North Midland use of enm -es as a present indicative third-person singular and plural.235-244 Alternative forms enm -eþ -ith -uth -uþ -yth -yþ Pronunciation enm /-əθ/ Suffix enm suffix enm Central and Southwest Midland EA ES K S Used to form the present indicative and imperative plural of verbs. Usage notes In the central East Midlands and northern East Anglia, verbs take enm -en verb plural, enm -e instead of this suffix when a personal pronoun functioning as a subject is immediately adjacent to them due to the analogy of the Northern Subject Rule (this pattern of usage is why an analogical derivation from Etymology 1 has been posited for these areas). Descendants en -eth -th dialectal, obsolete gmw-msc -eth -ith literary, under Chaucerian influence 1 References Etymology 3 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -the abstract nominal abstract nominal suffix Etymology 4 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -the ordinal ordinal suffix enm Southeast Midland Middle English Southwest Midland Middle English