-ene

Appendix:Variations of "ene" English Pronunciation -ēn en /-iːn/ RP,AuE,NZE,InE en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ene.wav Southern England en /-in/ GenAm,CanE,ScE en /-in/ en iːn 1 en -ene Etymology 1 en place name :bor la:-ēnus<ety:bor<grc:-ηνός>> en la -ēnus, from en grc -ηνός, forming adjectives from place names. Suffix - Forms adjectives relating to places and nouns for their inhabitants. en Cairo Cairene en Damascus Damascene en Madrileño Madrilene Forms adjectives and nouns denoting religious groups from personal names. en Rogers Rogerene en Hagar Hagarene See also en -ine References -ene suffix https://www.oed.com/dictionary/ene_suffix Etymology 2 en organic chemistry :bor fr:-ène en fr -ène, chosen by French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas to avoid confusion with chemicals in fr -ine. Suffix + en organic chemistry An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one double bond; an alkene. en organic chemistry An aromatic hydrocarbon based on benzene. A polymer derived from an alkene. Usage notes The common names of some other organic compounds also end in en -ene. Derived terms en derivative suffixes -diene -enyl en terms derived from "-ene" acetylene anthracene benzene butadiene camphene carotene cymene ethene ethylene fullerene indene isoprene limonene lycopene mesitylene methylene naphthalene naphthene neoprene nitrobenzene phenanthrene phenylene pinene polyene polyethylene polypropylene polystyrene polythene propene propylene pyrene retene retinene squalene stearoptene stilbene styrene terpene toluene trinitrotoluene xanthene xylene Translations alkene Catalan: ca -è m Chinese: Mandarin: cmn -烯 -xī Danish: da -en Dutch: nl -een Finnish: fi -eeni French: fr -ène m German: de -en Hindi: hi -एन्य Hungarian: hu -én Indonesian: id -ena Irish: ga -éin Italian: it -ene m Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -en Polish: pl -en m Portuguese: pt -eno m Spanish: es -eno m Swedish: sv -en aromatic hydrocarbon of benzene Finnish: fi -eeni Hindi: hi -एन्य Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -en polymer of an alkene Finnish: fi -eeni Hindi: hi एन्य Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -en See also en -ane -ein -in -ine -yne References -ene comb. form https://www.oed.com/dictionary/ene_combform Etymology 3 en graphene graphene Derived from en graphene, expressing its monolayer characteristic. Suffix + A single-atom thick two-dimensional layer of atoms. Derived terms en germanene graphene phosphorene silicene stanene Anagrams en een -een Nee e'en een nee née en Hydrocarbon chain suffixes Hungarian Etymology From hu -e-<pos:linking vowel> -ne<pos:conditional suffix> y. Pronunciation hu nɛ 2 Suffix hu suffix hu conditional suffix Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation). hu segít<t:to help> segítene<t:one would help> Usage notes See also :Category:Hungarian verb forms Appendix:Hungarian suffixes Latin Pronunciation -ēne la -ē ne Suffix la suffix form -ēne la -ēnus voc m s Latvian Alternative forms lv -iene Etymology From lv -enis -e en feminine fem.. Suffix lv -enis suffix (for female beings) lv -enis (for feminine-gender objects) lv -ēns suffix (for female beings) lv -ēns (for feminine-gender objects) Declension lv noun Derived terms lv Middle Dutch Pronoun dum pronoun form Enclitic form of dum hem; dum hi acc Middle English Etymology 1 enm genitive plural From enm ang -ena, for earlier ang -ana, from enm gmw-pro *-anō, gmw-pro *-ōnō, from enm gem-pro *-anǫ̂, gem-pro *-ōnǫ̂, from the enm ine-pro - genitive plural suffix ine-pro *-oHom when attached to n-stems. Alternative forms enm -an -en -yn -yne genitive plural genitive plural genitive plural genitive plural enm -ena -enne genitive plural genitive plural <<early>>, rare Pronunciation enm /-ən(ə)/ /-nə/ enm -ene Suffix enm suffix inflectional suffixes enm mostly Kent Southern or West Midlands used to form the genitive plural of nouns enm -es -e more common genitive plural somewhat less common genitive plural W 19 116 1 full ¶ Kynges þat come after. knelede. and offrede / Mırre and muche gold. Wıþ outen mercy aſkynge / Or any kynnes catel. but knowelıchynge hym sou͛eyn / Boþe of lond. sonne and see. and sıþenes þeı wente / In to hır kyngene kıþ. by counseıl of Aungeles Then kings came next, kneeling and offering / myrrh and plenty of gold, without asking for favour / or any kind of wealth, but instead acknowledging him as sovereign / of the land, sun, and sea; then they went / back to the kings' people using instructions from angels. Usage notes Already in late Old English, there was a tendency to extend the suffix ang -ena from weak (n-stem) nouns to other noun classes, especially in the noun ang dæġ day; for instance, ang dagena is found for earlier ang daga days'.2 3.9-3.11 73-75 This trend continues and reaches completion in Middle English; therefore, -ene can be suffixed to nouns of any Old English inflectional class, as in enm kingene enm king king of kings for more conservative enm kinge enm king (ang cyninga cy(ni)nga ang cyning cy(ni)ng).-en(e) suf MED13735 25 October 20245 156-157 40 However, -ene is itself supplanted by enm -es genitive plural, extended from the genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural. This replacement begins very early, meaning that -ene is mostly nonexistent in East Midland and Northern Middle English (including Early Scots) and recessive in the other dialects, with -es becoming increasingly predominant after the Early Middle English period just like the nominative/accusative plural ending. However, weak nouns (n-stems) tended to preserve -ene insofar as they survived, as it could be identified with the nominative/accusative plural ending enm -en noun plural ending in line with a Middle English tendency to efface all plural case distinctions,167 though the suffix was often disyllabic in verse, demonstrating that this tendency was not total.5 235 Especially in later Middle English, genitive plurals formed with -ene increasingly acquired an "adjectival colouring", becoming influenced by and undergoing partial conflation with the adjectival suffix enm -en adjectival, which thus acquires a form enm -ene adjectival. A strict boundary between denominal possessive adjectives formed with en -en adjectival and nouns inflected with -ene is therefore impossible to draw.-en suf MED13522.5 25 October 20247 209 64Cases Genitive 73 For a more complete development of an adjectival suffix from a genitive plural, see fro francor French and de -er. This ending is especially found with semantically animate nouns, in contrast with enm -e, which is chiefly applied to inanimate nouns.2 5.3 49 This suffix tends to induce the same alternations in the noun stem as the plural suffix enm -es plural, as in enm dawene days'. References Etymology 2 enm inflected infinitive enm ang -enne, ang -anne (with reduction of the geminate in unstressed position), from enm gmw-pro *-annjē, gmw-pro *-jannjē, gmw-pro *-ōnnjē, possibly equivalent to enm -en -e infinitival dative singular uninflected infinitive dative singular 1. Alternative forms enm -ne after vowels enm -ende -inge -ynge <<S>>, <<SM>>, by confusion with the present participle enm -ynge present participle enm -enne -nne early; see below Pronunciation enm /-ənə/ /-nə/ enm -ene Suffix enm suffix inflectional suffixes enm mostly early ; S K or SM used to form the inflected infinitive of verbs Usage notes The inflected infinitive can be used whenever enm to precedes in the dialects where it occurs, though it is never mandatory and is gradually ousted by the uninflected infinitive during the Early Middle English period,68 718 94 79 becoming restricted to ever less verbs, especially enm to infinitive enm donne to do.312-314 Occasional occurrences in later Middle English mostly follow certain monosyllabic vowel-final verbal roots:Verbs Infinitive 512-513 as in to enm bene ("to be", but Chaucer has to enm been to be), to enm done ("to do", still the most common), to enm sene to see, and to enm seyne to say;226 only in Late Middle English does it disappear due to the loss of the final schwa distinguishing the inflected and uninflected infinitives. Some Early Middle English texts retain -nne immediately following a stressed vowel (enm to infinitive enm donne) while exhibiting -ene in other positions (enm to infinitive enm speokene); 5 190 very early Middle English instances of -enne in other positions represent either influence from the Old English written tradition or because the simplification of unstressed geminates was yet incomplete. Where -nne was retained, it probably occasioned shortening of the stem vowel (e.g. /tɔ ˈdɔnnə/); its belated replacement with -ne likely represents levelling of the stem vowel from the uninflected infinitive rather than leveling of -ene from other inflected infinitives since they had become rare (see above). References Etymology 3 enm feminine enm ang -enne, the oblique singular of ang -en feminine (with reduction of the geminate in unstressed position), from enm gmw-pro *-ini, from enm gem-pro *-inī. Alternative forms enm -en feminine -ine -one Pronunciation enm /-ən(ə)/ /-nə/ enm -ene Suffix enm suffix noun-forming suffixes enm not productive Denotes a female form of a small, fixed number of nouns. Usage notes This suffix induces Germanic umlaut umlaut and palatalisation of the noun stem whenever possible. Derived terms enm -ene (feminine) Descendants en -en feminine not productive References -en suf.(1) MED13516 24 April 2018 Etymology 4 enm adjectival See enm -en adjectival suffix. Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -en adjectival suffix adjectival Norwegian Bokmål Etymology nb da -ene definite plural ending. Historically, the ending arose through the combination of plural noun morphology with the postposed North Germanic definite article, whose final element is related to non inn the and non hinn that; the. Compare nn -ene definite plural ending, especially for feminine nouns and sv -na definite plural ending. Pronunciation nb /ənə/ nb ənə 2 nb -ende nb -e ne Suffix nb suffix An inflectional suffix forming the definite plural of most masculine and feminine nouns and many neuter nouns, corresponding approximately to English the. nb båt boat → nb båtene the boats nb kvinne woman → nb kvinnene the women nb hus house → nb husene the houses nb bok book → nb bøkene the books nb mann man → nb mennene the men Usage notes Most masculine and feminine nouns use nb -ene in the definite plural: nb båt boat — nb båter boats — nb båtene the boats nb kvinne woman — nb kvinner women — nb kvinnene the women nb sak case, matter — nb saker cases, matters — nb sakene the cases, matters Although the indefinite plural of many nouns ends in nb -er, the definite plural normally ends in nb -ene, not *nb -erene: nb bil car — nb biler cars — nb bilene the cars nb venn friend — nb venner friends — nb vennene the friends Any irregular plural stem or vowel change is normally retained before the ending: nb bok book — nb bøker books — nb bøkene the books nb hånd hand — nb hender hands — nb hendene the hands nb mann man — nb menn men — nb mennene the men nb øye eye — nb øyne eyes — nb øynene the eyes Many neuter nouns permit both nb -a and nb -ene in the definite plural: nb hus house — nb hus — nb husa or nb husene the houses nb tun farmyard, courtyard — nb tun — nb tuna or nb tunene the farmyards, courtyards The permitted definite-plural forms must be checked for each noun. Some borrowed or irregular nouns have additional plural patterns. When the plural stem ends in unstressed ⟨e⟩, only nb -ne is visibly added: nb lærer teacher — nb lærere teachers — nb lærerne the teachers nb søster sister — nb søstre sisters — nb søstrene the sisters nb datter daughter — nb døtre daughters — nb døtrene the daughters When a definite plural noun is preceded by an attributive adjective or demonstrative, Bokmål normally uses double definiteness: nb de store husene the large houses nb disse gamle bøkene these old books The suffix is pronounced identically to nb -ende present-participle suffix in pronunciations where the ⟨d⟩ in nb -ende is silent. Not every word ending in the letters ⟨ene⟩ is necessarily synchronically formed with this suffix. Derived terms nb bilene the cars nb båtene the boats nb bøkene the books nb dagene the days nb hendene the hands nb husene the houses nb kvinnene the women nb landene the countries nb mennene the men nb ordene the words nb sakene the cases, matters nb tingene the things nb vennene the friends nb øynene the eyes See also nb -a definite plural ending, especially for neuter nouns nb -ne definite plural ending after a stem ending in unstressed -e nb -er indefinite plural ending nb -en masculine and common-gender definite singular ending nb -a feminine definite singular ending nb -et neuter definite singular ending References “Søstera eller søstra?”, Språkrådet. Dominika Skrzypek (2009), “The Formation of the Definite Article in the Nordic Languages”, in Lingua Posnaniensis, volume 51, pages 65–76. Norwegian Nynorsk Alternative forms nn -orna Landsmål weak feminine nouns nn -une Midlandsnormalen weak feminine nouns nn -one pre-2012 weak feminine nouns nn -erna Landsmål strong feminine nouns Etymology The feminine ending comes from two distinct but related endings: nn non -urnar and non -irnar, the nominative/accusative, definite, plural ending of feminine ōn-stem and i-stem nouns respectively. The distinction is maintained in many dialects, but since the spelling reform of 2012 the distinction is no longer made in writing. The masculine ending comes principally from nn non -irnir, the nominative, definite, plural ending of some masculine i-stem nouns. Some dialects may also have inherited the accusative form non -ina. It is often interchangeable with the much more common nn -ane. Pronunciation nn /eːnə/ Suffix nn suffix inflectional suffixes m f used to form definite plurals for most feminine nouns nn Ei kvinne, alle kvinnene. A woman; all the women used to form definite plurals for some masculine nouns nn Ein sau, alle sauene. A sheep; all the sheep. References Aasen, Ivar (1864) Norsk Grammatik Old English Pronunciation -ene ang -e ne Etymology 1 ang -enne See ang -enne. Suffix ang suffix ang Late Old English ang -enne Etymology 2 Suffix ang suffix form ang -en dat sg ; str acc f s ; str ins m//n s ; str nom//acc m//f p ; wk nom f//n s ; wk acc n s Zazaki Etymology zza -ene According to Selcan, ultimately from zza ira-pro *-anaH, ira-pro *-anay.Selcan, Zülfü, Zaza Dili’nin Tarihi Gelişimi. I. Uluslararası Zaza Dili Sempozyumu, 13-14 May 2011, Bingöl Üniversitesi Yay., Bingöl 2012, 111-142. Pronunciation zza /-ɛnə/ Suffix zza suffix form Verbal infinitive suffix, formed from the past stem: zza kerd-<t:past stem, "to do"> -ene kerdene<t:to do> zza kewt-<t:past stem, "to fall"> -ene kewtene<t:to fall> Alternative forms zza -en zza -enı See also zza -iş References