-데

데 Korean Etymology First appears in the late sixteenth century as -데 -tey. Traditionally analyzed as a shortening of ko okm - -더〮ᅌᅵ다〮 -té-ngì-tá, from -더〮- -té- imperfective suffix + -ᅌᅵ- -ngì- listener-honoring suffix + -다〮 -tá declarative suffix, with the last being fully deleted. However, Jang Yun-hui suggests that it may be more appropriate to posit -이 -i as a colloquial Middle Korean verb-final suffix, in which case this is a simple compound of -더〮- -té- imperfective suffix + -이 -i.ko:중세국어 종결어미 '(-으)이'의 분석과 그 문법사적 의의 Analysis of the Middle Korean sentence ender (-u)i and its significance in grammatical history ko:장윤희 Gugeohak 30 1997 103—140 Suffix ko -더라 intimate-style equivalent ko 걔-가 밥-을 먹-데. [I personally saw that] he was having a meal. The intimate-style interrogative retrospective suffix. See ko -더- for usage notes. ko 걔-가 밥-을 먹-데? [Did you personally see that] he was having a meal? Usage notes Koreans sometimes confuse this with homophonous ko -대, which is used to mark reported speech: ko 그렇-데. [I personally saw that] it was like that. ko 그렇-대. [According to what people say,] it was like that. Related terms ko from the same suffix or shortening process -으이 -네 References