-히-

히 -히 Korean Etymology ko causative/passive From ko okm -히〮-, an allomorph of -기〮- -kí- causative/passive-deriving suffix formed by lenition of the initial consonant /k-/ in intervocalic environments. Beyond Middle Korean, the causative is the original meaning as attested in Old Korean, and the passive is a later development from the causative first attested in the written language some time between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries.Vovin Alexander Alexander Vovin Koreo-Japonica: A Re-evaluation of a Genetic Origin University of Hawaii Press 2010 978-0-8248-3278-0 6ko:고대국어의 파생접미사 연구 A study of Old Korean derivational suffixes ko:장윤희 Gugyeol yeon'gu 47 2006 91—144 Pronunciation Suffix A verbal suffix deriving the stems of causative verbs, attaching to verb or adjective stems which end in non-aspirate obstruents such as ko ㄱ, ko ㄷ, ko ㅂ, and ko ㅈ. No longer productive. ko -이- -리- -기- -우- -구- -추- ko 입다 -히- 입히다 to wear to dress y ko 익다 -히- 익히다 to ripen to bake y ko 앉다 -히- 앉히다 to sit down to seat y ko 더럽다 -히- 더럽히다 to be dirty to dirty, to soil y A verbal suffix deriving the stems of passive verbs, mainly attaching to verb stems which end in non-aspirate obstruents such as ko ㄱ, ko ㄷ, ko ㅂ, and ko ㅈ. No longer productive. ko -이- -리- -기- ko 먹다 -히- 먹히다 to eat to be eaten y ko 밟다 -히- 밟히다 to trample on to be trampled on y ko 닫다 -히- 닫히다 to close to be closed y Usage notes Although still very common in Korean, the causative/passive suffixes are no longer productive for forming new verbs. Verbs that do not already have a morphological causative or passive must employ auxiliaries: ko -게 하다 for causatives ko -어지다 for passives The causative/passive suffixes ko -이-, ko -히-, ko -리-, and ko -기- all stem from the same etymon, and are fairly complementary in distribution. ko 히 attaches to verb stems which end in non-aspirate stops and affricates, i.e. ko ㄱ, ko ㄷ, ko ㅂ, and ko ㅈ. References