-으로

Korean Alternative forms ko -로 after vowels and ko ㄹ ko -ㄹ로 after vowels, colloquially for certain pronouns Etymology From ko okm - -으〮로〮 -úlwó, from ko oko 留 乙留 *-ulwo. Pronunciation Particle particle to, toward: directional case marker, in a physical sense ko 나무 방향-으로 가-자. Let's go toward the direction of the tree. ko 집-으로 가다가 노숙자-를 만났다. I met a homeless person while going home [lit. going towards home]. into, direction of a change: directional case marker in a metaphorical sense; expresses transformation or direction towards a certain time ko 사람-이 호랑이-로 변했다. The person turned into a tiger. ko 나무-를 풀-로 바꾸자. Let's switch out the trees for grass. ko 올해로 한국어-를 배운 지 3년-이 됐다. This year it's been 3 years since I've started learning Korean. using, out of; with: instrumental case marker, marking material, instruments, or means of doing something ko 종이-로 옷-을 만들어-봤다. I tried making clothes out of paper. ko 칼-로 돌-을 깎았다. I carved the stone with a knife. ko 오랑캐-로 오랑캐-를 제어한다. One controls barbarians using [other] barbarians. ko 뒷문으로 둘어와. Come in through the back door. due to; from: instrumental case marker, marking causation ko 독감-으로 돌아가셨다. He passed away from influenza. ko 로또-로 부자 됐어. I got rich from the lottery. as; as being; in the state of: instrumental case marker, marking state, manner, status, or capacity ko 몇 년 간 거지-로 살았다. I lived as a beggar for several years. ko 좋-은 친구-로 생각-한다. I consider her as being a good friend. ko 긍정적으로 생각-을 해야 돼. You have to think positively. as of: instrumental case marker, marking an update in a list of previous events ko 오늘 부-로 너-는 지각-을 다섯 번 했어. As of today, you've been late five times. ko archaic from; egressive case marker, in a physical or chronological sense ko ko [神](신)[學](학)[月](월)[報](보) [Theological Monthly] 4 1901 아홉-시-로 열두-시-ᄭᅡ지-는 이경-이-오 [十](십)[二](이)-시-로-브터 상오 세-시-ᄭᅡ지-는 삼경-이-라 From nine to twelve, it is the second watch; from twelve to three in the afternoon, it is the third watch. ahop-si-ro yeoldu-si-kkaji-neun igyeong-io sibi-si-ro-beuteo sang'o se-si-kkaji-neun samgyeong-ira ko Gyeongsang Marks the direct object for certain action verbs, especially verbs that have a direct impact on the object. ko -을 Standard Korean Used in various expressions: See ko -으로 하여 because of; via. See ko -으로 하여금 expresses the agent in a causative construction. See ko -으로 더불어 together with. Usage notes Usually in the first sense, ko -으로 is more indirect as it expresses going towards a certain direction or a certain location. ko -에 on the other hand, expresses a specific location, which is similar to ko -을. In this directional sense, only ko -으로 can be used with expressions ending with ko 쪽. Using ko -에 in such case would result in a locative sense. Derived terms ko -으로서 ko -으로써 ko -으로부터