411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
De
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Appendix:Variations of "de"
English
Etymology 1
De Prefecture
From the en cmn-pinyin - romanization of the en cmn ^德.
Pronunciation
dŭcf. Tehchow or Te-chou 1888 1
Proper noun
en historical en A <<former prefecture>> of imperial <<c/China>> around Dezhou in northwestern <<p/Shandong>>.
Alternative forms
en Te, en Tê
Translations
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 德州
References
Etymology 2
From en bn.
Proper noun
en India
Anagrams
en de ed Ed E.D. Ed. ED ed- -èd -ed ed. @ed
Danish
Etymology
Derived from the third-person plural pronoun da de. da de Sie.
Pronunciation
da [d̥i]
Pronoun
da pronoun second-person singular nominative accusative Dem genitive Deres personal pronouns
da personal formal The formal counterpart to du, you.
Usage notes
Usage of De in Danish has gotten increasingly more rare after the 1970s (with du often being used in place of De), but De still appears occasionally from time to time (such as in Danish-language translations from other languages).
See also
Norwegian Bokmål
no Dis og dus
Etymology
nb só
A polite use of nb de they; nb de Sie you; polite form of address 1.
The underlying pronoun is inherited from nb non þeir they, from nb gmq-pro *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ, from nb gem-pro *þai, from nb ine-pro *tóy, the masculine nominative plural of ine-pro *só this; that.
Compare da De you; polite form of address. The underlying third-person pronoun is cognate with nn dei, da de, sv de, is þeir, fo teir, got 𐌸𐌰𐌹 they and en they.
Pronunciation
nb /diː/ [diː]
unstressed nb /di/ [di]
nb No-de.ogg
nb iː 1
nb de di
nb De
Pronoun
nb pronoun objective Dem possessive Deres
nb formal you; the polite second-person singular subject pronoun, also used to address a business as a single entity.
nb Ønsker De kaffe eller te, fru Berg? Would you like coffee or tea, Mrs Berg?
nb Kan De hjelpe meg? Can you help me?
nb 1848 no Conrad Nicolai Schwach Conrad N. Schwach Erindringer af mit Liv indtil Ankomsten til Throndhjem (1830): nedskrevne i Aaret 1848 manuscript https://naob.no/ordbok/de da vi vare blevne uvenner, bleve vi enige om ikke mere sige du men I til hinanden […] Da vi mødtes igjen i Norge, sagde vi De til hinanden When we had fallen out, we agreed no longer to address each other as du, but as I. […] When we met again in Norway, we addressed each other as De. (quoted in Det Norske Akademis ordbok NAOB)
nb 1873 1954 Arne Garborg Mogning og manndom: brev I 25 jeg kan ikke beskrive Dem, hvor glad jeg er ved at vide, at De har følt Dem opmuntret og styrket I cannot tell you how glad I am to know that you have felt encouraged and strengthened.
nb 1891 Alexander Kielland Alexander L. Kielland Jacob VIII 99 https://www.bokselskap.no/boker/jacob/viii Men, Hr. Jessen! – er De bleven gal? But, Mr Jessen! Have you gone mad?
nb 1892 Henrik Ibsen Bygmester Solness act 2 131 https://www.bokselskap.no/boker/bygmester/akt2 Sæt De Dem nu bare ned igen, Hilde. Så skal De få høre løjer. Just sit down again, Hilde. Then you shall hear something amusing.
nb 1911 Amalie Pettersen Pettersens 181 bli’ Medlem, De Maren, det kan være lærerigt for Dem ogsaa Become a member, Maren; it could be instructive for you too.
nb 1917 Halfdan Kjerulf Halfdan Kjerulf: av hans efterlatte papirer I 1831–1847 254 Ogsaa jeg generes ved at sige De til en saadan Ven. I too feel awkward addressing such a friend as De.
nb 1918 Gunnar Heiberg Samlede dramatiske verker III 38 er De fornøiet nu, Ella? Are you satisfied now, Ella?
nb 1918 Gunnar Heiberg Samlede dramatiske verker III 172 tro De paa mig som jeg har trodd paa Dem Believe in me as I have believed in you.
nb 1918 Gunnar Heiberg Samlede dramatiske verker III 239 De har vist Dem min tillid værdig You have proved yourself worthy of my trust.
nb 1983-04-22 Aftenposten 181 3 2 det er noen personer det er naturlig å si De til There are some people whom it feels natural to address as De.
nb 1987 Dag Solstad Roman 1987 137 professorer […] som titulerte sine studenter med De […] professors […] who addressed their students as De […]
nb 2015 Øystein Dolmen; Gustav Lorentzen Det Store Dyrets dansevise Knutsen & Ludvigsen. Alle sangene 83 […] «Har De lyst til å danse?» […] “Would you like to dance?”
nb formal rare you; the polite second-person plural subject pronoun, used to address several people.
nb Mine damer og herrer, De er hjertelig velkomne. Ladies and gentlemen, you are most welcome.
nb 1874 Henrik Ibsen Peer Gynt 3rd act 4 135 https://www.ibsen.uio.no/DRVIT_PG%7CPG74.xhtml Gå De til Hellas. Jeg skal sendeDem gratis væbnede iland. Go to Greece. I shall put you ashore there armed and free of charge.
Usage notes
nb De is always capitalized, together with its object form nb Dem and possessive nb Deres. These polite forms are distinct from third-person nb de, nb dem and nb deres.
nb De is much less common than formerly. It can express particular courtesy or social distance. nb du Du, nb deg and nb din are neutral in contemporary usage, including official communication. Modern guidance recommends nb dere when addressing several people.“Høflighetsformene De, Dem og Deres”, Språkrådet.
nb Dem also serves as the reflexive form: Sett Dem ned (“Sit down”), De må passe på Dem selv (“You must take care of yourself”). The corresponding possessive is nb Deres, including when it refers back to the subject: Har De glemt hatten Deres? (“Have you forgotten your hat?”).
Derived terms
nb De-form polite form of address
nb dis on formal terms
nb dise to address someone as De rare
See also
References
de
de
nb personal pronouns
Anagrams
nb de de ed
Old Irish
Proper noun
sga proper noun form
sga Dé
Mutation