-더니

Korean Pronunciation Particle particle as, so, since, because (of), owing to (it used to be that ...) but now/then, and now/then Usage notes Recalling what someone said, confirming or contrasting it ko 너 피곤하다고 하더니 정말 졸리구나. You said you were tired, and sure enough, you really look sleepy. ko 나이-가 들수록 시간-이 빨리 간다고 하더니, 정말 그런 것 같아요. They say time goes faster as you get older, and I really feel that way. Recalling a past situation, describing a consequence/result ko 어제 밤새 비-가 오더니 아침-에 길이 다 잠겼어. It rained all night, and (as a result) the streets were flooded this morning. Contrast / unexpected outcome ko 열심히 공부하더니 시험-을 잘 봤다. He studied hard, and (as expected) he did well on the exam. ko 열심히 공부하더니 시험-을 망쳤다. He studied hard, but (contrary to expectation) he failed the exam.