-t-

Appendix:Variations of "t" French Pronunciation tt Etymology 1 From the -t of fr la -et,-it, which survived in Old French in some verb forms, now still spelt with -t (such as fr il fait, fr dort etc.). In Middle French, when final /t/ was no longer pronounced outside of liaison, the ending was reinstated analogically in the inversion forms of all verbs, even those in which -t had already been lost in Old French (such as those from la -at → fro -e). Note, however, that verbs spelled with final -t, -d can make liaison generally before a vowel, while the others do so in inversion only. Interfix fr interfix an interfix, liaison or linking consonant used in inversion constructions for third-person singular verbs with orthographic forms ending in a letter other than -t or -d fr Parle-t-on? Are we talking? fr Me regarde-t-il ? Is he looking at me? fr Y a-t-il un endroit? Is there a place? fr Quelles baleines Claire a-t-elle vue? Which whales did Claire see? fr 1965 November Carlo François Poésie d’André Marissel André Marissel’s Poetry The French Review w:American Association of Teachers of French 39 2 384814 265–274 Le jardinier-poète sait parfois qu’il est fécond et que son Arbre est fertile. Ne vainc-t-il pas la mort chaque fois qu’il plante un arbre-poème? The gardener-poet sometimes knows that he is fertile and his Tree is fruitful. Does he not conquer death every time he plants a tree-poem? Etymology 2 A 'euphonic' consonant added before certain vowel-initial suffixes (such as the verb-forming suffix fr -er) in order to prevent a hiatus when deriving new words from a base that ends in a vowel. It might be influenced by the use of /t/ as a liaison consonant. Although avoided in this context, hiatus is phonologically possible; it occurs in words that were not derived within French by suffixation (e.g. fr créer, borrowed from Latin la creō) and some suffixed words such as fr trouer, fr embouer show hiatus (or a realization of the first vowel as a semivowel). When the base ends in a nasal vowel, the inserted consonant sound is sometimes /n/ instead, with denasalization of the preceding vowel; there are many examples from bases ending in -on /ɔ̃/ (compare also fr à fond -er afonner), some from bases ending in -an /ɑ̃/ (fr cancan -er cancaner, fr en- ruban -er enrubanner, fr en- turban -er enturbanner) or -en /ɛ̃/ (fr moyen -er moyenner). However, /t/ can also be used after bases ending in a nasal vowel; often ones spelled with final -nt (as in fr dé- gant -er déganter), but sometimes after bases spelled with final -n (as in fr écran screen -t- -er écranter to screen). Sometimes, as the result of analogy, another unetymological consonant is inserted before a vowel-initial suffix upon derivation (not necessarily after a vowel); e.g. /d/ after /ɑ̃/ in fr faisan -d- -é faisandé, or after /aʁ/ (due to the influence of words ending in fr -ard) in fr cauchemar -d- -er cauchemarder, fr caviar -d- -er caviarder, fr bazar -d- er bazarder. Interfix fr interfix added between vowels to prevent certain sequences of vowels fr -l- biffeton, dépiauter, gruter, maintée Derived terms fr German Etymology Euphonic linking sound. Pronunciation de /t/ Interfix de interfix Used to separate two adjacent sonorants, mostly when de -en is followed by de -lich. de Wesen + -t- + de -lich → de wesentlich de eigen + -t- + de -lich → de eigentlich Mohawk Interfix moh interfix joiner used with some nouns in noun incorporation Portuguese pt interfix interfix Interfix pt interfix used to link two adjacent vowels in some words Derived terms pt