-ynge

Middle English Etymology 1 enm gerund noun :inh ang:-ung<id:gerund noun> enm ang -ing, ang -ung, from enm gmw-pro *-ungu, from enm gem-pro *-ingō, gem-pro *-ungō. Alternative forms enm -eng -enge -ing -inge -ingue -inng -yng enm -ung -unge early Pronunciation enm /-inɡ(ə)/ enm /-unɡ(ə)/ <<Early ME>>, also Suffix enm suffix noun-forming suffixes Forms gerunds or verbal nouns from verbs, usually referring to an action, but also in the following extended senses: An effect or result of an action. Something affected or originating from an action. Permission or capability to perform an action. Where or when an action occurs. Something that performs an action or used to perform an action. Forms collective nouns from verbs, especially referring to a supply or reserve. Usage notes During the Early Middle English period, terms formed with this suffix become modifiable by adverbs and capable of taking an object complement, thus acquiring a more verbal character than the Old English verbal noun in ang -ing, ang -ung, perhaps due to the influence of the present participle (see Etymology 2 below) and inflected infinitive in enm -enne or similar constructions in Old French. As in both Old English and Modern English, the verbal noun's subject is often in the genitive; the scholeres lernynge ("the scholar's learning"). Derived terms enm Descendants en -ing -in' -in gmw-msc -ing -yng sco -in -in' -ing yol -een 1 References -ing(e suf.(1) MED22696 2018-06-27 Non-finite Forms of the Verb 566-578 Etymology 2 enm present participle :inh ang:-ende<id:participle> :influence -ynge<id:gerund noun> enm ang -ende, from enm gmw-pro *-andī, from enm gem-pro *-andz, from enm ine-pro *-onts. Forms in enm -yng(e), enm -ing(e) are influenced by Etymology 1, perhaps supported by dissimilation of successive /nd/ sequences in forms such as enm fondende testing or the function of fro -ant as a suffix for both the verbal noun and participle, those in enm -and(e) are influenced by non -andi, while those in enm -inde, enm ynde are either the result of a sound change, or more likely, generalised from verbs in enm -ien with heavy roots. Alternative forms enm -ing -inge -ingge -yng -yngge enm -end -ende -inde -ynde especially <<early>> enm -and -ande especially <<Northern>>, <<North Midlands>> Pronunciation enm /-inɡ(ə)/ not <<Early Scots>> enm /-in/ <<Northern>> or <<late>> enm /-ɛnd(ə)/ /-ind(ə)/ especially <<early>>, <<Kent>> or <<Norfolk>> especially <<early>> or <<WM>> enm /-an(d)/ /-and(ə)/ especially <<Northern>>, North Midland, older <<London>>, or <<Norfolk>> Suffix enm suffix inflectional suffixes equivalent of en -ing; forms the present participle. Descendants en -ing -in' -in fossilised en -and, en -ant gmw-msc -and -an sco -in -an References -ing(e suf.(2) MED22697 7 54 202-203 174 162 Non-finite Forms of the Verb 548 -ing2 474 2 298 Etymology 3 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -yng