-ᅀᆞᇦ-

Middle Korean Alternative forms Followed by consonant Followed by vowel Preceded by /-k, -p, -s/ okm ᄉᆞᆸ〯 -sǒp okm ᄉᆞᇦ 〮 -sòW◌́ Preceded by /-t/ okm ᄌᆞᆸ〯 -cǒp okm ᄌᆞᇦ 〮 -còW◌́ Preceded by /-h/ okm ᄊᆞᆸ〯 -ssǒp okm ᄊᆞᇦ 〮 -ssòW◌́ Preceded by a sonorant consonant or vowel okm ᅀᆞᆸ〯 -zǒp okm ᅀᆞᇦ 〮 -zòW◌́ After the mid-fifteenth century, Middle Korean okm ᄫ /β/ lenited to /w/, producing the following alternative forms for the pre-vowel allomorphs: Followed by yang-vowel Followed by yin-vowel okm ᄉᆞ오〮 -sòw(ó) okm ᄉᆞ우〮 -sòw(ú) okm ᄌᆞ오〮 -còw(ó) okm ᄌᆞ우〮 -còw(ú) okm ᅀᆞ오〮 -zòw(ó) okm ᅀᆞ우〮 -zòw(ú) Etymology From okm oko 白 *SOLPO-. Pronunciation okm /zʌ̀.β◌́~zʌ̀.w◌́/ after a sonorant and before a vowel okm /zʌ̌p/ after a sonorant and before a consonant okm /sʌ̀.β◌́~s͈ʌ̀.w◌́/ after /-k, -p, -s, -h/ and before a vowel okm /sʌ̌p/ after /-k, -p, -s, -h/ and before a consonant okm /t͡sʌ̀.β◌́~t͡sʌ̀.w◌́/ after /-t/ and before a vowel okm /t͡sʌ̌p/ after /-t/ and before a consonant Suffix okm suffix -zoW- A verbal suffix honoring the object (either direct or indirect) of the verb. Usage notes Contrast with okm -으시〮- -usí-, in which the speaker honors the subject, and okm -으〮ᅌᅵ- -úngì-, in which the speaker honors the addressee. Descendants ko-ear -ᄉᆞᆸ -seup, ko -ᄋᆞᆸ -eup ko -으옵- -오- 1 ko -습니다 -ㅂ니다 1 ko -습니까 -ㅂ니까 1 ko -십시오 -으십시오 1 ko -읍시다 -ㅂ시다 1 ko -습디다 dated -ㅂ디다 1 ko -습디까 dated -ㅂ디까 ko -소 1 semi-formal speech level suffix ko -요 1 casually polite speech level particle jje -읍- no longer productive 1 jje -읍서 -ㅂ서 1 jje -읍센 -ㅂ센 1 jje -읍주 -ㅂ주 1 jje -읍데다 -ㅂ데다 1 jje -읍네다 -ㅂ네다 1 jje -읍데가 -ㅂ데가 1 jje -읍네까 -ㅂ네까 1 jje -수다 -우다 -으우다 1 jje -수과 -우과 -으우과 See also References ko 김현주 (Kim Hyeon-ju) Gugeosa yeon'gu ko 선어말어미 {-ᄉᆞᆸ-}의 연구 성과와 쟁점 Findings and key topics in the study of the verb-internal suffix -sop- 19 2014 65—99