-тыр

Kazakh Alternative forms kk -дір -дыр -тір Etymology From kk trk-pro *-tur. Cognate to alt -тыр, etc. Suffix kk suffix form Used to form causative verbs. kk -іт -гіз -із -ір -дір kk арту арт- to increase арттыру арттыр- to increase Usage notes All the causative suffixes are synonymous and carry the same meaning, but the usage is irregular and you can't know which one should be used. The only rule is that kk -т is always used after a vowel. Sometimes some verbs may have a few synonymous causatives formed by different suffixes: kk жазу жаз- to write + kk -ғыз > kk жазғызу жазғыз- to make someone write kk жазу жаз- to write + kk -дыр > kk жаздыру жаздыр- to make someone write And it is also possible to attach multiple suffixes, either forming a new meaning or just keeping the same one: kk оқу оқы- to read + kk -т kk -қыз > kk оқытқызу оқытқыз- to make someone read kk өлу өл- to die + kk -тір > kk өлтіру өлтір- to kill + kk -т > kk өлтірту өлтірт- to make someone kill Tuvan Pronunciation tyv /tɯr/ Etymology 1 Suffix tyv suffix Forms causative verbs. tyv таныштырар to introduce to cause to meet 1 tyv кылдырар to make someone do (something) 1 tyv иштирер to make someone drink (something) 1 Alternative forms tyv -т Etymology 2 From tyv trk-pro *tur- to stand. Cognate with tr -dir it is. Verb tyv auxiliary + noun is tyv Бо мээң кадайым-дыр. This is my wife. 1 tyv auxiliary + verb it seems, probably tyv Чаъс чаар-дыр. It'll rain (or so I have deduced from current meteorological conditions). 1 tyv Куштар дыңналы-дыр. I hear birds (but I can't see them). 1 Alternative forms tyv -дыр (softening) tyv -тир (front unrounded vowel) tyv -дир (front unrounded vowel and softening) tyv -тур (back rounded vowel) tyv -дур (back rounded vowel and softening) tyv -түр (front rounded vowel) tyv -дүр (front rounded vowel and softening)