-ula

Appendix:Variations of "ula" Translingual Etymology From mul la -ula. Cognate with gem-pro *-ilaz, whence no longer productive en -le (as in en dimple and en nozzle), nl -el, de -el. Suffix mul suffix Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-. Derived terms mul See -ula at Wikispecies. English Etymology en diminutive :bor la:-ula<id:diminutive> 1 en la -ula.suffix 7655366501 en -ule. Suffix Forming diminutive nouns. en marimba marimbula en amoeba<alt:ameba> amebula Denoting things associated with, or compared to, Dracula: Count Chocula, Bunnicula, etc. Usage notes The suffix is not very productive in English and most common in words directly borrowed from Latin. Derived terms en References Chichewa Etymology ny bnt-pro *-ʊda. Cognate with sw -ua/sw -oa and rw -ūra/rw -ōra. Suffix ny suffix Conversive suffix indicating that the action the verb is based on is undone. References 552 Czech Etymology cs Unproductive suffix in Czech. Compare ru -у́ля and pl -ula. Pronunciation Suffix cs suffix f forms feminine nouns, usually endearing cs papať papula cs šikovný šikula Declension f Further reading Finnish Etymology fi -u -la diminutive Suffix noun ylä Forms diminutive nouns. Usage notes The suffix is productive. See, for instance, fi vempula. Declension -ul a Derived terms fi Latin Etymology 1 la -ula instrument :inh ine-pro:*-tlom<alt:*-tlom, *-dʰlom> 1 Probably from la ine-pro *-tlom *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated. The words la rēgula and la tēgula are notable in showing a lengthened vowel relative to the base verbs la regō and la tegō. Sihler reconstructs ine-pro *-dʰl- in la rēgula and la tēgula;Sihler Andrew L. Andrew Sihler 1979 The Latin ‘Tool’ Suffixes and the Formation of la rēgula, la tēgula, and la trāgula de:Indogermanische Forschungen 8 10.1515/9783110243260.157 157–174 in contrast, Nielsen reconstructs ine-pro *-tl-, suggesting that the lengthened vowels are the result of Lachmann's law before a sequence of originally voiced + voiceless stop (as in the participles la rēctus and la tēctus).Nielsen Benedicte On Latin instrument-nouns in */-lo-/ James Clackson; Birgit Anette Olsen Indo-European Word Formation Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European 2 Museum Tusculanum Press 2004 189–213 978-87-7289-821-6 https://www.google.com/books/edition/Indo_European_Word_Formation/kGUWu_91kOUC?gbpv=1&pg=PA189 As this would be expected to result in forms with voiceless stops (la *rēcula and la *tēcula), Nielsen proposes that either the voiced stop /ɡ/ was reintroduced by analogy, or a phonetic change caused /k/ to be voiced when preceded by a long vowel and followed by /l/ across a morpheme boundary (*rēk-la, *tēk-la > *rēg-la, *tēg-la); this is supported by two additional proposed etymologies, *strāto-lo- > *strāk-lo- > *strāg-lo- > la strāgulum and *trājak-kla > *trāk-la > *trāg-la > la trāgula. Voicing of a stop before /l/ in a heterosyllabic cluster might also be seen in la neglego, and is argued by Sen to have occurred in la pūblicus; in contrast, a voiceless stop can be found after a morpheme boundary in instrument nouns in la -culum such as la pōculum). Alternatively, related to the suffix la -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as la gerulus, la gerula.131–132, 152–153 Compare gem-pro *-ilaz agent noun (and variants), forming agent and instrument nouns. Compare instrument nouns in la -ulum. Pronunciation -ula stressed on the antepenult Suffix -ula<1> Noun suffix denoting instrument. la regō rēgula la tegō tēgula Declension -ula<1> Derived terms la Etymology 2 la diminutive la:-ulus<id:diminutive> la 1 Pronunciation -ula 1 -ulā 1 Suffix la suffix form la -ulus nom//voc f s ; nom//acc//voc n p Suffix la suffix form -ulā la -ulus abl f s References Polish Etymology pl nominal :inh sla-pro:*-uľa<id:nominal> + 1 Pronunciation LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf--ula.wav Suffix pl suffix f forms feminine nouns, usually endearing pl baba babula Declension Derived terms pl Further reading