-ish

ish Ish -ísh English Etymology 1 en adjective :inh enm:-isch<id:adjective> From en enm -isch, enm -issh, from en ang -isċ -ish suffix, from en gmw-pro *-isk, from en gem-pro *-iskaz -ish, from en ine-pro *-iskos. Cognate with nl -s adjective; de -isch (whence nl -isch); no -, da -, and sv -isk or da -sk; lt -iškas; ru -ский; and the grc - diminutive suffix grc -ίσκος. en -esque -ski. Pronunciation ĭsh en /ɪʃ/ US,Canada,Australia,Scotland en /əʃ/ NZE en /iʃ/ InE en en-us--ish.ogg US Suffix adjective-forming suffixes productive suffixes en of adjectives from common nouns Typical of, similar to, being like. en Her face had a girlish charm. 1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273: ; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; en of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force Somewhat, rather. en Her face had a bluish tinge. en 1935 George Goodchild Death on the Centre Court 5 By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country. en of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages About, approximately. en We arrived at tennish. We arrived tennish. We arrived sometime around ten. en I couldn't tell his precise age, but he looked fiftyish. en nationality en of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions Of, belonging or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something). en British, Cornish, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Jewish, Kentish, Polish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish etc. Usage notes This is a productive termination used as a regular formative of adjectives (which are sometimes also used as nouns). of adjectives from common nouns Many of the words may have a more or less depreciative or contemptuous force. of adjectives from roots of proper nouns This is the regular formative of patrial adjectives, with the suffix in some adjectives being contracted to -sh or (especially when t precedes) to -ch, as in Welsh (formerly also Welch), Scotch, Dutch and French. Some used colloquially or made up on occasion may have a diminutive or derogatory implication. Synonyms being like en quasi-, en para-, en -oid, en -form/en -iform, en -esque, en -ly, en -some, en -y, en restricted to casual registers en -ass resembling, forms adjectives from nouns only en -like Derived terms en Related terms en ish Translations appended to words Albanian: sq -ëz Armenian: hy -ական Dutch: nl -achtig, nl -ig Georgian: ka -ური German: de -haft, de -lich, de -ig Greek: el -ικός Hungarian: hu -os, hu -as, hu -es, hu -ös, hu -s, hu -dad, hu -ded Italian: it -ico m, it -ica f Japanese: ja っぽい ppoi Norwegian: Bokmål: nb -aktig Polish: pl -iczny Portuguese: pt -ico Romanian: ro -ic, ro -esc, ro -iu Spanish: es -ico, es -iento Swedish: sv -aktig Turkish: tr -ca, tr -ça, tr -ce, tr -çe Welsh: cy -aidd appended to adjectives somewhat like Armenian: hy -ավուն Azerbaijani: az -sov, az -təhər, az -ımtıl Basque: eu -xka Dutch: nl -achtig, nl -ig Finnish: fi -hko, fi -hkö French: fr -âtre mostly colours, fr assez Georgian: ka მო- -ო German: de -lich Hindi: hi सा Hungarian: hu -os, hu -as, hu -es, hu -ös, hu -s Irish: ga scoth- colours Lithuanian: lt -okas Polish: pl -awy Romanian: ro -iu, ro -ui mostly colors Russian: ru -ва́тый m Serbo-Croatian: Latin: sh -ast Spanish: es -ento, es -oso Turkish: tr -imsi, tr -imtrak Welsh: cy -aidd appended to numbers Armenian: hy -ոտ Dutch: nl rond French: fr environ, fr à peu près, fr -aine f Georgian: ka -ოდე German: de um ... herum coll., de ca. Hungarian: hu körül, hu nagyjából, hu -nyi Indonesian: id -an Polish: pl około, pl koło Turkish: tr -lerde, -larda appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions Arabic: ar ـِيّ Armenian: hy -ական Chinese: Cantonese: use attributive noun Mandarin: use attributive noun Czech: cs -ský m Danish: da -isk, da -sk, da -esisk Dutch: nl -isch, nl -s Faroese: fo -skur French: fr -ois, fr -oise, fr -ais, fr -aise, fr -ain, fr -aine Galician: gl -és m Georgian: ka -ელი German: de -isch Gothic: got -𐌹𐍃𐌺𐍃 m Hungarian: hu -i, hu -beli Icelandic: is -skur Manx: nationality, region or place gv -agh m, language gv -ish f Norwegian: no -sk Old Norse: non -iskr Polish: pl -ski Portuguese: pt -ês m, pt -esa f, pt -eses m-p, pt -esas f-p Romanian: ro -esc Russian: ru -ский m Sanskrit: sa -ईय Sicilian: scn -isi m, scn -isa f, scn -isi m-p f-p; scn -otu m, scn -ota f, scn -oti m-p f-p; scn -anu m, scn -ana f, scn -ani m-p f-p; scn -itanu m, scn -itana f, scn -itani m-p f-p Spanish: es -és m, es -esa m Swedish: sv -isk Italian: it -ico m, it -ica f Etymology 2 en verb From en enm -ishen, enm -ischen, enm -issen, from en fro -iss-, fro -is- (a termination of the stem of some forms [present participle, etc.] of certain verbs), from en la -ēscere, la -īscere (an inchoative suffix), the formative la -esc-, la -isc- (la -sc-, Greek el -σκ-) being ultimately cognate with English en -ish#Etymology_1 -ish (Etymology 1). See en -esce, en -escent, etc. Suffix adjective-forming suffixes productive suffixes en non-productive An ending found on some verbs; see usage notes. Usage notes This is a termination of some English verbs of French origin, which normally end in fr -ir in French, or formed on the type of such verbs, having no assignable force, but being merely a terminal relic, e.g. en astonish, en banish, en establish, en diminish, en finish, en punish, etc. In some verbs it appears in the form en -ise, as in en advertise and en franchise. Related terms en 4 verbs borrowed from French abolish accomplish References 1914 III -ish 3193 ish Further reading John Manning Booker The French “Inchoative” Suffix -iss and the French -ir Conjugation in Middle English Heidelberg 1912 https://archive.org/details/frenchinchoative00bookrich Anagrams en his His Hsi IHS Shi his shi en positive polarity items Aromanian Suffix rup suffix Forms relational adjective from nouns. rup -escu rup arãdzãm plateau arãdzãmish plateau inhabitant rup eadiri ivy eadirish of ivy rup irghile stud irghilish of a stud rup limonj lemon limunish of lemon colour rup purtucal orange purtucalish of orange colour rup munti mountain muntish of the mountain rup pãduri forest pãdurish of the forest rup pãrnari holly oak pãrnãrish of holly oak rup pixari box tree pixãrish of box tree rup toamnã autumn tumnish of autumn rup trandafil rose trandaflish rosy Forms nouns to indicate forests or plantations of plants. rup -ishti -et rup alun hazel tree alunish forest of hazel trees rup carpin hornbeam cãrpinish forest of hornbeams rup cãstãnj chestnut tree cãstãnjish forest or plantation of chestnut trees Derived terms rup Manx Etymology 1 gv language Cognate to ga -is; from the dative form of gv sga -as -ish. Suffix n f en -ish language Usage notes Added to names of places or peoples to denote the language spoken in that place or by that people. Etymology 2 gv emphatic From gv sga -si 3rd person singular feminine; 2nd person plural Alternative forms gv -s -sh Suffix e -self emphatic Usage notes Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun). Used in third-person singular feminine (eg gv mareeish). Used in second-person plural (eg gv erriuish). Derived terms gv emphatic Related terms gv -yn gv -syn Middle English Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -isch Ojibwe Suffix oj suffix noun suffixes A suffix denoting the pejorative form of a noun that ends in a consonant. See also oj -iish oj -oosh oj -osh oj -sh oj -wish Ottawa Suffix otw suffix pejorative References 191 Swedish Suffix sv suffix sv slang Used to form slang words (that are often identical in meaning to the unsuffixed word). sv Vad händish? (Vad händer?) What's up? sv haffish sv haffa sv kebabish kebab Derived terms sv