411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
Durham
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
English
Etymology
From en ang Dūnholm, which is from en dun hill + en non holm islet, island. In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.
en Duresm Dunelm.
Pronunciation
en /ˈdʌ.ɹəm/ RP
en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Durham.wav Southern England
en /ˈdʊ.ɹəm/ Northern England
en /ˈdɝəm/ GA
en durum
Proper noun
en county in the Northeast of cc/England County Durham.
en city/county town co/County Durham cc/England.
en unitary authority co/County Durham which replaced the county council in 2009 in all of County Durham except Darlington, Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees Durham County Council.
en English habitational Old English from the city in England.
en outback town s/Queensland c/Australia.
en locale c/Canada.
en community p/New Brunswick ; named for John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham Lord Durham, Governor General of Canada.
en community mun/West Grey co/Grey County p/Ontario.
en rmun east of Toronto p/Ontario Regional Municipality of Durham.
en locale c/US.
en twp/and/ucomm co/Washington County s/Arkansas.
en CDP co/Butte County s/California ; named for California politician W. W. Durham.
en town/and/CDP therein, in co/Middlesex County s/Connecticut ; named for the city in England.
en ucomm co/Walker County s/Georgia ; named for Durham Coal and Coke Company.
en twp co/Hancock County s/Illinois.
en ucomm co/Gibson County s/Indiana.
en minor city co/Marion County s/Kansas ; named for the breed of cattle.
en town co/Androscoggin County s/Maine ; named for County Durham, England.
en ucomm co/Lewis County s/Missouri ; named for a railroad employee.
en town/and/CDP therein, in co/Strafford County s/New Hampshire. TopoZone: Durham, New Hampshire
en town co/Greene County s/New York ; named for the town in Connecticut.
en city/county seat co/Durham County s/North Carolina ; named for landowner Bartlett S. Durham. TopoZone: Durham, North Carolina
en twp co/Durham County s/North Carolina, most of which is in the city.
en ucomm co/Roger Mills County s/Oklahoma ; named for postmaster Doris Durham Morris.
en city co/Washington County s/Oregon ; named for pioneer and Oregon Territory legislator Alberto Alonzo Durham.
en twp/and/ucomm therein, in co/Bucks County s/Pennsylvania.
Derived terms
en County Durham Doxbridge Durham boat Durham County Durhamism Durhamite Durham Lead Durham Ox Durham rule Durhamville East Durham New Durham
Translations
city and county in England
Armenian: hy Դարհեմ
Belarusian: be Да́рэм m
Bulgarian: bg Дърам
Czech: cs Durham
Dutch: nl Durham
Estonian: et Durham
Finnish: fi Durham
French: fr Durham
Italian: it Durham
Kazakh: kk Дарем
Latin: la Dūnelmum n
Latvian: lv Darema f
Lithuanian: lt Daramas m
Old English: ang Dūnholm m
Polish: pl Durham m-in
Portuguese: pt Durham
Romanian: ro Durham
Russian: ru Да́рем m
Slovak: sk Durham m
Spanish: es Durham
Swedish: sv Durham
Turkish: tr Durham
Ukrainian: uk Да́рем m
city in North Carolina
Armenian: hy Դարհեմ
Belarusian: be Да́рэм m
Bulgarian: bg Дърам
Czech: cs Durham
Dutch: nl Durham
Estonian: et Durham
Finnish: fi Durham
French: fr Durham
Italian: it Durham
Kazakh: kk Дарем
Latvian: lv Darema f
Lithuanian: lt Daramas m
Polish: pl Durham m-in
Portuguese: pt Durham
Romanian: ro Durham
Russian: ru Да́рем m
Slovak: sk Durham m
Spanish: es Durham
Swedish: sv Durham
Turkish: tr Durham
Ukrainian: uk Да́рем m
Noun
One of a breed of short-horned cattle, originating in the county of Durham, England, and noted for their beef-producing quality.
References
Notes and Queries, Number 37, July 13, 1850 by Various page 108, Project Gutenberg
en eponyms