-ить

Appendix:Variations of "it" Moksha Suffix mdf suffix form mdf -и def s gen Russian Etymology ru :inh orv:-ити<ety:inh<sla-pro:*-iti>> ru orv -ити, from ru sla-pro *-iti. Originally, from Middle Russian, its second person singular form (ru -ишь) was always stressed, but in modern Russian is usually non-stressed in transitive verbs. Some exceptions are ru прости́шь, ru роди́шь, ru сохрани́шь etc., especially transitional verbs of Old Church Slavonic origin. This change happened mostly around 1600-1700-s, especially in Pskov, Oryol and Smolensk area, under influence from Belarus and Ukraine, where this process has started somewhat earlier. Pronunciation unstressed stressed -и́ть Suffix ru suffix -и́ть -ить verb-forming suffixes the infinitive suffix for many verbs; usually indicates a perfective verb a suffix used to form factitive verbs from nouns, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to make X(er)" for X an adjective or noun; usually used with a prefix such as ru о-, ru об- or ru у- ru о- сла́бый weak осла́бить to weaken ru о- бе́дный poor !-и́ть обедни́ть to impoverish ru о- свободный свобо́д(ный) free !-и́ть освободи́ть to liberate ru о- кайма́ border, hem, edge !-и́ть окайми́ть to provide with a border, hem or edge ru о- зо́лото gold !-и́ть озолоти́ть to gild ru об- о́бщий general !-и́ть обобщи́ть to generalize ru у- то́нкий thin, subtle, fine !-и́ть утончи́ть to make (more) subtle, to refine ru у- крепкий кре́п(кий) strong !-и́ть укрепи́ть to strengthen ru у- лу́чший better улу́чшить to improve ru по- низкий ни́з(кий) low пони́зить to lower A suffix used to form negative factitive verbs from ru без- without, -less (or ru бес-) + a noun, i.e. verbs having the meaning "to deprive of X" for X a noun. Usually used with ru о- and commonly corresponding to English verbs in en de- or en dis-. ru о- без- лес forest обезле́сить to deforest ru о- без- лю́ди people обезлю́дить to depopulate ru о- без- ору́жие weapon обезору́жить to disarm ru о- без- вред harm обезвре́дить to defuse, to render harmless ru о- бес- цвет color обесцве́тить to desaturate, to bleach, to turn black and white Usage notes When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies. When added onto an adjective ending in a suffix such as ru -ный or ru -кий, the suffix may or may not be preserved (see examples above for both cases). Negative factitives are not always easily distinguished from positive factitives formed from adjectives beginning with ru без- -less; compare ru обезвре́дить to render harmless; to defuse (a bomb), derivable either from ru о- + ru безвредный безвре́д(ный) harmless + ru -ить or from ru о- + ru без- + ru вред harm + ru -ить. (Similarly, the other examples above are alternatively derivable from ru безле́сный treeless, ru безлю́дный uninhabited, ru безору́жный unarmed and ru бесцве́тный colorless, respectively.) Some examples are more easily derived one way than the other; e.g. ru обессме́ртить to immortalize is probably better derived as a positive factitive from ru бессме́ртный immortal. Negative factitives, as well as positive factitives derived from adjectives beginning with ru без- or ru бес-, have some special properties compared with other factitives. They are normally derived specifically with the prefix ru о- and the unstressed suffix ru -ить, form abstract nouns in unstressed ru -ение (when ru -е́ние would normally be expected), and form imperfectives in ru -ивать (rather than ru -я́ть). Conjugation stem-stressed: impf 4a+p -ить impf 4a+p -ить 1 ending-stressed: impf 4b+p -и́ть or 4c+p -и́ть impf 4b+p -и́ть or 4c+p -и́ть 1 See also ru -ать, ru -ять, ru -еть ru -ть, ru -ти