411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-m
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Appendix:Variations of "m"
Translingual
Etymology
mul :abbrev en:macro<id:computer science> 1 +
Suffix
mul suffix
mul computing Indicates an XML-based, macro-enabled version of the base file extension.
mul .doc .docm
Derived terms
mul
mul Microsoft
Afar
Etymology
Cognate with ssy -m.
Pronunciation
-m
Particle
aa particle clitics
Used to form dependent verbal forms denoting simultaneous or sequential action from indicative forms.
Suffix
aa suffix
Used to form (pro)nouns taking on the quality of the suffixed determiners, numbers, verbs and nouns.
aa yí my yím mine (my something)
Usage notes
When added to a noun, the suffix is added to a genitive:
aa áwka boy awkím the boy's thing
Derived terms
aa
References
236
439
Akan
Alternative forms
ak -m'
Clitic
ak clitic -ḿ
ak Twi
ak mu in; interior
Usage notes
The noun sense of this clitic cannot be used with the definite article no.
Bislama
Etymology
Suffix
bi suffix inflectional suffixes 1
bi -em ; see usage notes below
Usage notes
References
23
77–81
Estonian
Etymology 1
From et urj-fin-pro *-mpi, cognate to fi -mpi.
Suffix
et suffix
Forms comparative adjectives.
Etymology 2
From et urj-fin-pro *-ma, cognate to fi -ma.
Suffix
et suffix
Forms nouns from verbs.
et koguma to collect → et kogum collection, complex, group of items or objects
et valima to select → et valim sample (in statistics)
et hõljuma to float → et hõljum plankton
Derived terms
et
et tegum heljum kahjum ujum kadum kasum kudum ladum lasum juhtum anum tanum sõnum kulum valum artsim ravim erim kivim käim läbim tugim
Hungarian
Etymology 1
Possibly from hu urj-pro *mᴕ̈ I; see also hu én I. Cognate with mns-nor -м my.
Suffix
hu suffix
hu possessive hu possessive suffix my first-person singular, single possession
hu personal hu personal suffix First-person singular personal suffix:
Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
hu tud to know y tudom, tudtam, tudjam, tudnám I know / knew / should know / would know it
hu kér to ask [for sth] y kérem, kértem, kérjem, kérném I ask / asked / should ask / would ask for it
Indefinite forms of hu -ik verbs.
hu alszik to sleep alszom I sleep
hu personal-inf Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for me to do something”).
hu tanulni to study tanulnom kell I need to study for_me_to_study is_necessary
hu Csak kérnem kell. All I have to do is ask [for it]. only for_me_to_ask is_necessary
Declined and postpositional forms of the first-person personal pronoun hu én I.
hu -ban/-ben in bennem in me
hu elé in front of elém in front of me
Usage notes
Etymology 2
It can be traced back to the hu urj-pro *-m.
Suffix
hu suffix
hu noun-forming suffix obsolete Added to a verb (or rarely to a noun) to form a noun. No longer productive in this sense.
hu öröm, álom, folyam
hu alom, orom, hím
hu frequentative verb-forming suffix obsolete No longer productive in this sense.
hu élemedett elderly
See also
:Category:Hungarian noun forms
Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
References
Ilocano
Pronoun
pronoun 1
ilo -mo used before vowels and suffixes ilo -en and ilo -an
See also
ilo enclitics
Livonian
Etymology 1
liv action
From liv urj-fin-pro *-ma action.
Suffix
liv suffix noun-forming suffixes
Forms nouns from verbs, generally denoting an action.
Derived terms
liv action
Etymology 2
liv quality
From liv lv -ums -(u)ms.
Suffix
liv suffix noun-forming suffixes
Forms nouns of quality from adjectives.
liv -it
Derived terms
liv quality
Etymology 3
liv diminutive
From liv urj-fin-pro *-ma action and/or liv urj-fin-pro *-in instrumental.
Suffix
liv suffix noun-forming suffixes
Non-productive suffix deriving adjectives or diminutive nouns.
Derived terms
liv diminutive
Further reading
Ernštreits, Valts. Methods for expanding the Livonian lexicon. Eesti Ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 7(1), 203–222.
Marshallese
Alternative forms
mh em
mh im
Pronunciation
-m
Suffix
suffix
and
References
MED2I.htm#im
mh conjunctions
Northern Kurdish
Suffix
kmr suffix
first-person singular suffix
têm ('I come.')
çûm ('I went.')
Alternative forms
-im (after a consonant)
Old Irish
Etymology
From sga cel-pro *-mus.108-111
Suffix
sga suffix m
Forms verbal nouns of A III (hiatus) verbs
Inflection
References
Palula
Etymology
phl
Pronunciation
phl /-m/
Suffix
phl suffix
Plural suffix (with m-declension nouns)
References
Pijin
Etymology
Suffix
pis suffix inflectional suffixes 1
pis -em ; see usage notes below
Usage notes
References
106–7, 113–8
-em 42
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
pl past tense
From earlier pl -śm, a contraction of pl zlw-opl jeśm, from pl sla-pro *esmь.
Suffix
pl suffix
past-tense first-person singular suffix
pl robić robiłem
pl oglądać oglądałem
Alternative forms
pl -em after a consonant
See also
pl -ś -śmy -ście suffix
Etymology 2
pl present tense
pl zlw-opl -m, from pl sla-pro, from pl ine-pro.
Suffix
pl suffix
first-person singular suffix
pl oglądać oglądam
Further reading
pl particles
Quechua
Alternative forms
qu -mi after consonants
qu -n CC
Pronunciation
qu /-m/
qu [-m] Chanka
qu [-ŋ] CC
Suffix
qu suffix
Evidential suffix, first-hand information. Indicates that the speaker has direct evidence/knowledge of some fact, having experienced it, seen it, heard it, etc.
qu Ñuqa runa simitam rimani. Qusqumantam kani. I speak Quechua. I am from Cuzco.
qu Allqukunaqa chawa aychatam mikunku. Dogs eat raw meat.
Used to mark an open-ended question; less formal than qu -taq.
qu Maymantam kanki? Where are you from?
See also
qu -s, qu -si
qu -ch, qu -chá
Turkish
Suffix
m
tr suffix form
-im pv
tr kedi kedim cat my cat
tr Utku Utku'm Utku my Utku
Suffix
tr suffix form
alternate form of first-person singular simple present tense copula conjugation suffix -um used after informal present continuous suffix -iyo
git - gidiyom
go - I am going
tr suffixes m
Uzbek
Suffix
im m
uz suffix form Cyrillic spelling -м
Form of uz -im after a vowel.
uz Bu ruchkam. This is my ball pen.