-ling

Appendix:Variations of "ling" English Pronunciation en /lɪŋ/ en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ling.wav Southern England en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ling.wav Southern England Etymology 1 en :inh enm:-lyng<id:diminutive> diminutive 1 From en enm -ling, from en ang -ling, from en gmw-pro *-ling, from en gem-pro *-lingaz, a nominal suffix, probably composed of en gem-pro *-ilaz (agent/instrumental/diminutive suffix) + en gem-pro *-ingaz (patronymic suffix). Akin to Dutch nl -ling, de -ling, is -lingur, got -𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃. More at en -le, en -ing. Alternative forms en -lyng obsolete en -lin dialectal Suffix noun-forming suffixes diminutive suffixes en diminutive small, immature, miniature en suffixes -cule -ee<id:diminutive> -el -et -ette -icle -ie -kin -le<id:diminutive> -let -ole -ule -y prefixes mini- micro- nano- en follower or resident follower or resident Usage notes Words ending in en -ing derived from a root or stem terminating in -l or -le, such as en dazzling, have usually only an accidental resemblance, although sometimes there is a connection, as in en sidling, which derives from Middle English in this form, and which is also a present participle form of the modern English verb to en sidle, which in itself is a back-formation from en sidling. Derived terms Diminutive en buckling castling darling daughterling doeling duckling earthling fatling fingerling fledgling fondling goatling godling gosling lambling lordling pigling princeling puffling spiderling sportling swanling vetchling Quality en cageling changeling darkling earthling endling firstling foundling hatchling hireling kindling nestling overling ridgeling sapling seedling shaveling starveling stripling suckling underling weakling wildling witling wordling worldling yearling youngling Translations Diminutive Breton: br -ig f Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 小 xiǎo-, cmn 崽 -zǎi, cmn 子 -zi -子 Dutch: nl -je, nl -pje, nl -tje, nl -ling Estonian: et -kene s, et -lane s Finnish: fi -nen, fi -lainen French: fr -et m, fr -ette f, fr -in m, fr -ine f Galician: gl -iño m, gl iña f German: de -chen, de -lein, de -erl south German Interlingua: ia -etto m n, ia -etta f n Irish: ga -án m, ga -ín m, ga -óg f Italian: it -ino m, it -ina f, it -etto m, it -etta f, it -ello m, it -ella f Japanese: ja 子 こ, ko- Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: kmr -ik, kmr -k, kmr -ok Middle English: enm -ling diminutive, enm -ing diminutive suffix Polish: pl -ę n Portuguese: pt -inho Romanian: ro -el, ro -șor, ro -uț, ro -uș, ro -aș Russian: ru -ёнок m, ru -о́нок m, ru -ок, ru -ёк Scottish Gaelic: gd -an m, gd -ag f Sicilian: scn -eḍḍu m, scn -eḍḍa f, scn -uzzu m, scn -uzza f, scn -icchiu m, scn -icchia f, scn -ittu m, scn -itta f (Italianized also as scn -ettu m, scn -etta f), scn -inu m, scn -ina f Spanish: es -ito m, es -ita f, es -illo m, es -illa f Swedish: sv -is Ukrainian: uk -еня́, uk -о́чок, uk -е́нько Welsh: cy -ig m f, cy -cyn m, cy -os m-p f-p Etymology 2 From en enm -ling, from en ang -ling, ang -linga, ang -lunga adverbial suffix. Compare en -long. Alternative forms en -lings en -lin dialectal Suffix adverb-forming suffixes en no longer productive suffix An adverbial suffix denoting manner, direction, or position. Derived terms en darkling flatling headling sideling sunderling See also en -en en -le en -ock en References 1967 Anagrams en giln lign- Danish Etymology A variant of da -ing. Suffix da suffix c a diminutive denotes a younger person who is considered small, cute, immature, etc. a diminutive denotes a person who is considered inferior, despicable, etc. a diminutive denotes each of a given number of siblings born at the same birth Declension en er da References da diminutive suffixes Dutch Etymology From a rebracketing of nouns with an nl -ing suffix. See above (English). Suffix nl suffix noun-forming suffixes m a suffix that describes a person (or other creature) in terms of a place of origin or a quality, as defined by the root to which it is added Derived terms nl -lings - adverbs nl -linge f nl nl suffixes ling German Etymology de gem-pro 1 de :inh gmh:-linc<ety:inh<goh:-ling<ety:inh<gmw-pro:*-ling>>>> 1 From de gmh -linc, from de goh -ling, from de gmw-pro *-ling. Pronunciation de [lɪŋ] de LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ling.wav Suffix m Forms nouns from adjectives, indicating possession of or connection with a quality or property de schwach<t:weak> Schwächling<t:weakling> de früh<t:early> Frühling<t:spring (that which comes early)> Forms nouns from other nouns, indicating a noun associated with or subordinate to it de Haft<t:imprisonment> Häftling<t:prisoner, inmate> de Hanf<t:hemp> Hänfling<t:linnet, beanpole> Forms nouns from verbs, indicating a noun, especially a person, prone to doing an action de saugen<t:to suck> Säugling<t:infant, suckling> de ankommen<t:to arrive> Ankömmling<t:arrival, arriving person> Usage notes While originally neutral in connotation, more recent coinages tend to be derogatory, particularly when referring to people. Outside of people, the suffix occurs especially for mushrooms and various small animals like fish and birds. Declension m Derived terms de Further reading Icelandic Suffix is suffix form is -lingur indef acc s Middle English Etymology 1 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -lyng diminutive diminutive suffix Etymology 2 Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -lyng adverbial adverbial suffix Norwegian Bokmål Etymology From nb de -ling. Suffix nb suffix denoting diminutive Old English Pronunciation -ling Etymology 1 From alteration of suffixal use of ang long lang long. Suffix ang adverbial forms adverbs denoting direction, state or position ang hinderling backwards Descendants enm -lyng adverbial 1 Etymology 2 ang :inh gmw-pro:*-ling diminutive From ang gmw-pro *-ling, from ang gem-pro *-ilingaz. Alternative forms ang -linc Suffix m proper noun diminutive suffixes ang nominal forms nouns referring to people ang dīerling favorite, darling ang rǣpling prisoner forms diminutive nouns ang stærling starling forms proper nouns indicating a dynasty or lineage Icling ("dynasty of Icel" or "House of Icel"); Ætheling (House of Ethel) Declension -ling Derived terms ang Descendants enm -lyng diminutive 1 Swedish Suffix sv suffix sv no longer productive suffix diminutive suffix Derived terms sv See also sv -ing