411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-else
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
else Else
Danish
Etymology
From da gmq-oda -ilse, later da -ælsæ, from da osx -isli, osx -islo, from da gmw-pro *-islī. Also used to represent the da gml - suffix gml -nisse.
Pronunciation
da /-əlsə/ [-l̩sə]
Suffix
da suffix
Added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process.
da afbryde afbrydelse interrupt interruption
The result of, or something related to, such an action or process
Declension
n r da common gender
t r da neuter gender
Synonyms
da -ing
da -sel
da -tion
Derived terms
da
Descendants
nb -else
nn -else 1
References
Low German
Alternative forms
nds -els
nds -elsch
nds -sel
nds -el
Etymology
From nds gml -else, from nds osx -isli, osx -islo; from nds gmw-pro *-islī.
Pronunciation
nds /əlsə/ [(ə)lzə]
Suffix
nds suffix n
Creating, from a verb, a noun which is created by the action of this verb (not necessarily one with which the verb is supposed to be done).
nds Backelse pastry: that which is baked (in a wider sense anything baked like bread and cakes) — from nds backen to bake
nds Radelse riddle: that which is guessed — from nds raden to guess; compare German de Rätsel, Dutch nl raadsel, Old English ang rǣdelse
nds Riemelse rhyme: that which is rhymed — from nds riemen to rhyme
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
gml -sel
Etymology
From gml osx -isli, from gml gmw-pro *-islī.
Pronunciation
gml /əlzə/
Suffix
gml suffix -else n usually
Creating a noun from a verb, denoting something on which the verb is performed.
gml backen to bake backelse n a baked good that which is created by baking
Creating a noun from a verb, denoting an object which is used to perform the verb.
gml decken to cover deckelse n a cover, a roof, a wrapping that which is used to cover
Descendants
pdt -sel
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Mostly from nb da -else, from nb gmq-oda -ælsæ gmq-oda -ilse, with metathesis of -sl- to -ls- from nb osx -isli, osx -islo.
Also from nb gmw - loanwords, partly with metathesis of suffixes -sel and -sle from nb gml -nisse, from nb osx -nissi, from nb gmw-pro *-nassī forms abstract nouns, from gmw-pro *-nass, from nb gem-pro *-inassuz + gmw-pro *-ī, from nb gem-pro *-į̄, from nb ine-pro *-ih₂ *-i-h₂, from ine-pro *-h₂ creates collective nouns.
Pronunciation
nb /ˌɛlsə/ /ˌəlsə/
nb nb--else.ogg
nb ɛlsə əlsə
nb -el se
nb Else -elset
Suffix
nb suffix m n (definite singular neuter nb -elset, definite singular masculine nb -elsen, indefinite plural nb -elser, definite plural nb -elsene or nb -elsa)
nb noun Used to form verbal nouns denoting an action.
nb avgjørelse, forståelse, anfektelse, bebudelse, oppstandelse decision, understanding, challenge, proclamation, resurrection 1
nb noun Used to form verbal nouns synonymous with the nb -ing ending.
nb drøftelse, oversettelse, tilretteleggelse, utdannelse discussion, translation, facilitation, education 1
nb noun Used to form verbal nouns denoting a different meaning than the nb -ing ending.
nb forbindelse, lignelse connection, parable 1
nb noun Used to form verbal nouns with a specific meaning, usually the result of an action
nb skrivelse, spøkelse, stivelse writing, ghost, starch 1
Derived terms
nb
See also
nb -ing, nb -ning forms nouns
References
Anagrams
nb esel esle lees lese sele
nb noun-forming suffixes
Old English
Alternative forms
ang -elle
Etymology
A metathetic form of ang gmw-pro *-islī.
Pronunciation
-else
Suffix
f
forms feminine nouns referring to inanimate objects from verbs, causing i-mutation
ang rǣdan<t:to advise> rǣdelse<t:counsel, advice, riddle, enigma>
ang mierran<t:to disturb; to obstruct> mierrelse, myrrelse<t:an offense, scandal; stumbling block>
Declension
-els
Synonyms
ang -els
Derived terms
ang
Descendants
en -le
Swedish
Etymology
From sv gmq-osw -ilse, compared to non-own -elsi; analog to sv -sla verb suffix, sv -sel agent suffix. Probably derived from sv osx -isli, osx -islo, from sv gmw-pro *-islī. Also used to represent the sv gml - suffix gml -nisse.
Suffix
sv suffix c noun-forming suffixes
-ment, -tion, en -ing noun suffix creating nouns from verbs
sv röra to move rörelse movement
sv hända to happen händelse occurrence
Declension
Derived terms
sv