-ਈ

Punjabi Pronunciation pa [iː] Etymology 1 pa relating to From pa sa -इक or pa sa -ईय. Later influenced by pa fa-cls ـی -ī, from pa pal -yk' / pal 𐭩𐭪𐭩 -īg adjectival suffix, a cognate of sa -इक through pa iir-pro *-kas. Also influenced by pa ar ـِيّ nisba suffix, which in Classical Persian becomes fa-cls ی -ī. Suffix pa suffix relating to, forms adjectives from nouns pa ਭਾਰਤ India ਭਾਰਤੀ Indian pa ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ adjective ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣੀ adjectival Etymology 2 pa doer Borrowed from the nominative singular form of pa sa -इन् doer, possessor. Suffix pa suffix m doer, possessor pa ਸੁਖ comfort, ease ਸੁਖੀ comforting pa ਯਾਤਰਾ travel ਯਾਤਰੀ traveller Etymology 3 pa abstract pa fa-cls ـی -ī, from pa pal 𐭩𐭧 -īh (forms nouns from adjectives).https://www.jahanshiri.ir/fa/en/suffix-i Suffix pa suffix f forms abstract nouns from adjectives or common nouns pa ਡੱਬਾਬੰਦ ਡੱਬਾਬੰਦੀ canned canning pa ਮੈਂਬਰ ਮੈਂਬਰੀ member membership Derived terms pa Etymology 4 pa feminine All forms are ultimately from pa sa -इका (or some times from pa sa -ई). Specifically, Direct singular pa inc-apa -इअ -ia 1, from pa pra, from pa sa -इकाः nominative singular Direct plural pa inc-apa -इऔ -iau 1, taking a final nasal from either instrumental inc-apa -इअहिं -iahiṃ or the direct plural ending of the "unextended" inflection descending from Sanskrit sa -ई, ultimately from pa sa -इकाः, the nominative plural of sa -इका. Oblique singular pa inc-apa -इहे -ihĕ/-ihi 1, from pa pra, from pa sa -इकायाः genitive singular Vocative singular pa inc-apa -इए -iĕ 1, from pa pra, from pa sa -इके vocative singular Vocative plural pa inc-apa -इअहु iahu 1, ultimately a univerbation of pa sa -इकाः, the vocative plural ending of both sa -इक m and sa -इका f, and pa sa भोः॑. Suffix pa suffix f suffix for many feminine nouns pa ਕੁੜ ਕੁੜੀ root girl pa ਕੁੱਕੜ ਕੁੱਕੜੀ hen Declension ◌ Etymology 5 pa participial pa inc-apa -ई- -ī- present passive participle infix, from pa pra-sau -𑀈- -ī- present passive participle infix, which may be cognate with sa -ई- -ī- athematic middle voice optative mood infix. The obligative sense may come from pa inc-apa -इ -i future passive participle suffix, which is related to the above-mentioned infix. This affix is also present in Old Punjabi verbs. Affix pa suffix pa rare in Eastern Punjabi dialects, an affix which forms the present passive participle in verbs pa -ਈਂ ਜਾਣਾ pa ਕਰਦਾ ਕਰੀਦਾ he does [it] it is done [by him] pa ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ he wants [it] it is wanted [by him] pa rare affix which forms verbs that express desire, expectation or obligation: need, want, should, ought to pa ਚਾਹੀਦਾ pa ਕਰਦਾ ਕਰੀਦਾ he does [it] he should do [it] pa ਲੈਂਦਾ ਲਈਦਾ he takes [it] he should take [it] Usage notes Use of the present passive participle, an archaic feature from northwestern Prakrit and Apabhramsa dialects, is rare in the present day. The passive voice is instead usually marked with the auxiliary verb pa ਜਾਣਾ, which indicates the passive voice in a much more extensive fashion, including past passives which can only be indicated through this verb (except in rare dialects in Western Punjab). Western Punjabi dialects use the nasalized affix pa -ਈਂ to form the present passive participle instead. Similarly, the usage of pa ਚਾਹੀਦਾ as an auxiliary verb to express desire, expectation or obligation is much more common than the usage of the affix. In both uses, any nasalization at the end of the verb stem before pa -ਦਾ is removed before inserting the affix. References