-nus

Appendix:Variations of "nus" Latin Alternative forms la -ānus -ēnus -ernus -iānus -īnus -rnus -ūnus -urnus enlargements Pronunciation yes Etymology 1 la :inh itc-pro:*-nos<id:verbal adjective> adjective suffix + Suffix -nus adjective-forming suffix Usage notes The suffix -nus appears in various derived adjectives, including relational adjectives to nouns such as la quernus oaken from la quercus oak, la salignus of willow from la salix willow or la māternus motherly from la māter mother, la paternus fatherly from la pater father. In terms of etymology, it also occurs in various inherited adjectives or nouns (some derived from Proto-Indo-European verbal bases), such as the following: la magnus la plēnus la tribūnus la lignum la tignum Through rebracketing (e.g. reanalysis of tribū-nus, from the u-stem noun tribus, as trib-ūnus), it gave rise to a number of variant suffixes, such as la -ānus and la -īnus, some of which show greater productivity in Latin than bare la -nus. Declension -nus Derived terms la adjective Etymology 2 la -nus -nus<id:adjective> numeral Ultimately the same as the above, but apparently rebracketed at some point as *-sno- (extracted from words like *tris-no-, the original form of la ternus). Suffix -nus suffix used to form distributive numerals Usage notes In pre-Latin, the suffix itc-pro *-nos (Classical Latin -nus) was attached to numeral adverbs, cardinal numerals, or numeral stems to form distributive numerals, such as la twice -nus *dwis *-no- *dwisno-bis 72 → la bīnus two each (equivalent to la bis -nus 1). la thrice -nus *tris *-no- *trisno-§ 381.B 495 → la tr̥sno- → la tr̥no- → la ternus three each (equivalent to la ter -nus 1). la *quaturs four timesquattuor 506 → la -nus *quatrus *-no- *quatrusno- → la quatr̥sno- → la quatr̥no- → la quaternus four each (equivalent to la quater -nus 1). la six -nus *seks *-no- *seksno- → la sēnus six each (equivalent to la sex -nus 1). At some point in pre-Latin, the suffix seems to have become extended to *-sno-, presumably as the result of rebracketing of forms like *tris-no- as *tri-sno-, *dwis-no- as *dwi-sno- or *seks-no- as *sek(s)-sno-.Indogermanic Numerals S. E. Jackson 1909 The Classical Review 23 7 164 https://archive.org/details/classicalreview23clasuoft/page/164/mode/2up By the time of Classical Latin, *-s- before *-n- had been lost by regular sound change, but it caused any preceding nasal or plosive consonants to be deleted and the preceding vowel to be lengthened. Thus, it can be inferred that the *-sno- variant of the suffix was used to form words like the following: la septem seven -nus *-sno- *septem-sno- → la septēnus seven each. la novem nine -nus *-sno- *novem-sno- → la novēnus nine each. la decem dec(em) ten -nus *-sno- *deksno- → la dēnus ten each. The -ēno- found in decades such as la vīcēnus, la trīcēnus probably developed from -ent-sno-.Brugmann Karl 1907 Die distributiven und die kollectiven Numeralia der Indogermanischen Sprachen 29 https://archive.org/details/abhandlungenderphilosachs25/page/28/mode/2up Abhandlungen der Philologisch-Historischen Classe der Königlich Sächsischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Then the ending la -ēnus seems to have been extended from some of the above forms and used as a third allomorph of this suffix to form some of the other distributive numerals: la centum -nus centēnus hundred -ēnus one hundred each la septingentī -nus septingentēnus seven hundred -ēnus seven hundred each (alternative form of la septingēnus) la mille -nus millēnus thousand -ēnus one thousand each la quot -nus quotēnus how many -ēnus how many each Declension -nus<1&2+.distr> Derived terms la numeral Descendants Via la -ēnus: ca -è osp -eno References Further reading Palmer, L.R. (1906) The Latin Language, London, Faber and Faber Middle English Noun enm noun 1 enm Warks enm wildernesse