-ul

Appendix:Variations of "ul" Azerbaijani Pronunciation az [uɫ] Suffix az suffix form Form of az -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L. az yormaq to tire out yorulmaq to get tired az tutmaq to catch tutulmaq to get caught Derived terms See az -il. Hungarian Pronunciation Etymology 1 Suffix hu suffix verb-forming suffixes hu verb hu verb-forming suffix Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning. hu csoportos collective csoportosul to form a group hu azonos identical azonosul to identify; to associate oneself with some group hu von to pull vonul to go along, to stalk, to march to pull oneself hu alak shape alakul to take shape Usage notes verb-forming suffix Variants: hu -ul is added to back-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped. hu lassú slow lassul to slow down hu -ül is added to front-vowel words. The final vowel is dropped. hu béke peace békül to make peace Derived terms hu verb Etymology 2 Suffix hu suffix -ul/-ül essive-modal case suffix case suffixes hu essive hu essive sense as, with the intention of hu -ként -képp/-képpen mint stating the capacity hu ajándék gift, present ajándékul as a gift hu példa example például for example; as an example hu modal hu modal sense adverb-forming suffix Added to an adjective to form an adverb. hu rossz bad rosszul badly hu angol English angolul in English Usage notes essive-modal case suffix Variants: hu -ul is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-. hu -ül is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-. Derived terms hu adverb See also :Category:Hungarian terms taking -ul/-ül Appendix:Hungarian suffixes Middle English Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -el agentive suffix agentive Old English Pronunciation ul ang ul 1 Suffix ang suffix -ul ang -el ang -ol Polish Etymology pl :inh sla-pro:*-ulь + + Pronunciation Suffix pl suffix m forms nouns, often diminutive or derogatory in nature pl chłop chłopul pl smarkać smarkul Declension Masculine inanimate: Masculine animal: Masculine personal: Derived terms pl Further reading 221 Romanian Alternative forms ro -l for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e or -i ro -le for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e ro -u' -u colloquial pronunciation spelling Etymology Identical to ro -l, from older *-lu, either from a clipping of ro la-vul *illu, or from ro la illum, accusative of ro la ille. Compare rup -lu. ro el. Unlike Western Romance languages, the suffix came to be appended at the end of the respective noun as part of influence from nearby languages, a characteristic of the Balkan Sprachbund. The suffix then underwent aphaeresis and was subsequently degeminated. In older Romanian (still dialectally attested, found in place names, in the word ro unu one and in Aromanian), masculine and neuter nouns ended in -u, a remnant of Latin la -us/la -um; for example ro foc, which used to be *focu. As such, the definite form of *focu was *foculu. Even though ro -ul is technically a variant of ro -l after nouns that used to end in -u, the tendency to drop word-final -u in the indefinite forms—which underwent reduction and was then dropped since it served no grammatical value (unlike the palatalization of modern Romanian, both possibly under influence from nearby Slavic languages; cf. Havlík's Law)—led to the rebracketing of the suffix, thus making it the new definite article suffix for the now consonant-final nouns. As a result, the definite form *foculu became the modern Romanian ro focul, making the -u- a vestige of the then-abundant -u suffix inherited from Latin. Pronunciation ro /ul/ ro /u/ informal Suffix ro suffix m n ro variant -l the definite article Usage notes This form of the definite article is used for both masculine and neuter singular nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which do not end in a vowel, except for -i (which is somewhat uncommon in Romanian): ro bărbatul the man, from ro bărbat m ro visul the dream, from ro vis n ro copilul the child, from ro copil m ro arcul the bow, from ro arc n ro războiul the war, from ro război n ro tramvaiul the tram, from ro tramvai n ro cotoiul the tomcat, from ro cotoi m The suffix is also used with masculine and neuter singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies: ro deșteptul om, from ro omul deștept (both meaning "the smart man") ro viteazul soldat, from ro soldatul viteaz (both meaning "the brave soldier") In informal speech, the final -l is often not pronounced. Related terms ro -i ro -l ro -le ro -ului See also ro -a ro -ua Turkish Pronunciation tr [uɫ] Suffix tr suffix form Form of tr -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L. tr yormak to tire out yorulmak to get tired tr tutmak to hold tutulmak to be held Derived terms See tr -il.