-ивать

Russian Alternative forms ru -ывать Etymology ru -ить perfective verb ending -ать imperfective verb ending. Cognate with sh -ivati. ru Pronunciation Suffix ru suffix verb-forming suffixes Used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in ru -ить and sometimes ru -еть, with iotation of the final consonant. ru оцени́ть pf оце́нивать impf ru сноси́ть pf сна́шивать impf ru вы́здороветь pf выздора́вливать impf Used as a spelling variant in place of ru -ывать to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in ru -ать, ru -нуть and sometimes ru -ить with root-final velars (ru к г х) and hushing consonants (ru ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant. ru вмеша́ться pf вме́шиваться impf ru вы́толкнуть pf выта́лкивать impf ru подскочи́ть pf подска́кивать impf Used to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in ru -ить and sometimes ru -еть, with iotation of the final consonant. ru суди́ть to judge impf су́живать to judge repeatedly impf Used as a spelling variant in place of ru -ывать to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in ru -ать, ru -нуть and sometimes ru -ить with root-final velars (ru к г х) and hushing consonants (ru ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant. Usage notes The frequentative and imperfectivizing suffixes are etymologically the same. The spelling-variant suffixes can be distinguished from the other suffixes by their iotation behavior, by the restriction of the second type to certain root-final consonants, and by the types of verbs they usually affect. Note also that in the spelling-variant type, an underlying root consonant that has been modified or deleted may reappear, as in ru подска́кивать impf, based on the root ru подскок-, which appears in iotated form in ru подскочи́ть pf. For all ru -ывать/-ивать suffixes, the stress is drawn onto the syllable before the suffix, and an ru о in that syllable usually changes into ru а. Conjugation impf 1a -́ивать Derived terms ru See also ru -я́ть another way to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs, usually in ru -ить, and with iotation ru -а́ть spelling variant of the above after hushing consonants (ru ш ж ч щ), which frequently result from iotation ru -а́ть a different, homophonous suffix used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs of certain classes, without iotation ru -ва́ть a suffix used to form imperfective verbs from perfective verbs with vowel-final roots, as well as class-1 verbs in ru -еть