411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
E
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
ᴇ 𰀄 𰀂 ㅌ Ǝ Appendix:Variations of "e"
E
Translingual
Etymology
From the mul ett - letter ett 𐌄 e, from the mul grc - letter grc Ε epsilon, derived from the mul phn - letter phn 𐤄 he, from the mul egy - hieroglyph egy 𓀠.
Letter
mul
mul letter 5
See also
See Appendix:Variations of "e"
other scripts mul Ε Epsilon mul Е
Symbol
mul symbols
mul component of Q219142 mul science computing symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation
mul 2E5 = 2 × 10⁵
mul Q38582 mul computing hexadecimal symbol fourteen
mul 14<id:Q38582> XIV<id:Q38582> xiv<id:Q38582>
mul Q11379 mul physics energy
mul W<id:Q42213>
mul E = mc²
mul Q181136 mul amino acid IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation glutamic acid
mul Glu<id:Q181136>
mul E620<id:Q181136 as flavoring>
mul expectation function mul mathematics expectation function
mul Q152411 exa- (= × 10¹⁸)
mul wildcard for front vowel mul linguistics a wildcard for a front vowel
synonyms: I
mul bra cup size mul clothing bra cup size
mul license plate codes Spain
Synonyms
scientific notation mul e
Gallery
See also
E Echo · ⠑
English
Pronunciation
phoneme usually en /ɛ/ /iː/ or silent
en en-uk-e.ogg UK
en en-us-e.ogg US
letter name en /iː/
en iː 1
Etymology 1
From Middle English and Old English upper case letter ang E and split of ang Æ, Ea, Eo, and ang Œ, from five 7th century replacements of Anglo-Saxon Futhorcs by Latin letters:
class=skin-invert-image|15px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛖ (e) Old English letter ang E, from replacement by Latin letter ang E of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ang ᛖ.
class=skin-invert-image|15px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ᚫ (æ) Old English letter ang Æ from replacement by Latin ligature la Æ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ang ᚫ.
class=skin-invert-image|15px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛠ (ea) Old English digraph Ea, from replacement by Latin digraph la EA of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ang ᛠ.
class=skin-invert-image|15px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛇ (ēo) Old English digraph Eo from replacement by Latin digraph enm EO of Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ang ᛇ.
class=skin-invert-image|15px|Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᛟ (œ) Old English letter ang Œ from replacement by Latin ligature la Œ of the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc letter ang ᛟ.
Letter
en
en letter 5 e
3 On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H, but by the time he knew them, it was always discovered that he had forgotten A, B, C, and D.
Number
en
en ordinal 5 e
See also
Etymology 2
Abbreviation.
Symbol
en symbols
en ESRB rating en everyone.
east.
Translations
east east
German: de O m
Swedish: sv Ö
Noun
en Q69488 en slang The drug ecstasy (MDMA), particularly in pill form.
156 Sick Boy brings oot some E. White doves; ah think. It's mental gear. Most Ecstasy hasnae any MDMA in it, it's just likesay, ken, part speed, part acid in its effects . . .
en 1995 Jarvis Cocker Pulp Sorted For E’s and Wizz Different Class And I don't quite understand just what this feeling is / But that's okay cause we're all sorted out for E's and wizz
en 2002 Hugh Mackay (social researcher) Hugh Mackay Winter Close Sydney Headline Publishing Group Hodder Headline 0733615481 85 https://archive.org/details/winterclose0000mack/page/84/mode/2up?q=E You mentioned you were taking stuff. Did you mean ecstasy? / What else? It’s excellent. I’m not an addict or nothing, and I steer clear of crack and that. People say E is for losers but, hey, I’d never be without some eccy in my bag.
en estrogen or estradiol en mostly LGBTQ en estrogen,estradiol.
en T testosterone
The grade below D in some grading systems. In most such systems, it is a failing grade.
1999, Julian Stallabrass, High Art Lite: British Art in the 1990s, Verso, 1859843182, page 25,
In line with this, he is marketed not only as a mental innocent, but as a class primitive, someone who only got an E in A-level art […]
2003, Rick, quoted in Linda MacDowell, Redundant Masculinities?: Employment Change and White Working Class Youth, Blackwell Publishing (2003), 1405105860, page 198,
My results weren’t that great, to be honest. I weren’t right happy with them; I got an E in Maths and that were a surprise, but I did get a B in Technology – that were all right.
2005, S. J. Smith, Joe Public, Virtualbookworm Publishing, 1589397681, page 125,
Not really, but perhaps I’d have got an ‘E’ in Tech Drawing no matter how much I’d asserted myself. Maybe Mr. Pinkerton would have seen to it that my exam paper was tampered with. A spot of teacher to student revenge.
2005, Craig Taylor, Light, Reverb, 1905315007, page 103,
But she didn’t get the bit about my accidental artistic career, “But you can’t draw love. You got an E in your exam. I remember that. You drew that onion that looked like a boil.”
en Alexandra Smith Johnson unveils exam reform plans w:The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/nov/30/schools.alevels 2006-11-30 "The A* grade at A-level is the inevitable consequence of the intention to make A-levels harder. As such, it will provide additional recognition for additional achievement. Importantly, it leaves the existing grades A to E untouched, so that standards over time are preserved." https://web.archive.org/web/20250824003801/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/nov/30/schools.alevels
en music The third note in the C major scale.
en music A major chord having the notes E–G♯–B as the root, third, and fifth; the major scale with E as its keynote.
en Ray Stevens, Bill Justis Bill Everette Gitarzan Ray Stevens 1969 He ordered Chet's guitar course CODMakes A, E, workin' on BDigs C&W an' R&BAn' me an' a chimpanzee agreeThat one day soon he'll beA celebrity.
en episode en episode installment of a series.
en The pilot episode is S01E01.
en rhythmic gymnastics en execution.
Derived terms
en liquid E
Translations
slang: ecstasy Chinese:
Cantonese: yue E仔
Czech: cs éčko n
French: fr Hebrew
Thai: th ยาอี
slang: estrogen/estradiol
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 補
French: fr E f f-p
grade below D
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 戊
Swedish: sv E
abbreviation of episode
Swedish: sv A
Proper noun
?
en religion en Elohist.
en stock symbol en w:Eni.
en Matt Egan It’s a bizarre time for Trump to open Alaska’s Arctic refuge up to oil drilling w:CNN Business https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/business/trump-arctic-alaska-oil-drilling-anwr 2020-08-18 Magnus said that companies such as Italy’s Eni (E) and ConocoPhillips (COP) that already operate in Alaska could be interested in drilling in ANWR. https://web.archive.org/web/20260830174739/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/18/business/trump-arctic-alaska-oil-drilling-anwr/ 30 August 2026
Etymology 3
E (state)
E (surname)
From the en cmn-pinyin -en 1998 Blunden Caroline w:Mark Elvin Gazetteer Graham Speake Cultural Atlas of China https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/ Revised Facts on File Checkmark Books 0-8160-3814-7 98-34322 43168341 9770589M 232, 233 https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/page/233/ Names in italics represent the Wade-Giles equivalent of the preceding Pinyin transcription.E/O see Ezhou romanization of the en cmn 鄂 È.
Alternative forms
en O Wade-Giles
Pronunciation
en /ʌ/, ŭ
en ʌ 1
Proper noun
en proper nouns
en history A state in ancient China of varying location in present-day Shanxi, Henan, and Hubei.
en 2002 The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities https://books.google.com/books?id=gaPiAAAAMAAJ 0081-5691 1761032 229 The discovery suggests also that the center of the state of E was located in the Suizao corridor in Hubei, not far from the location of E as suggested by ancient geographical works.
en 2006 Li Feng Landscape and Power in Early China https://www.google.com/books/edition/Landscape_and_Power_in_Early_China/d_qOvs0WjPcC w:Cambridge University Press 9781139456883 667886620 330–331 These three bronzes, though clearly modeled on Zhou types, are quite distinctive from the Zhou tradition. They suggest that, although the state of E served as an ally and agent of the Western Zhou state, it probably had a distinctive cultural origin of its own.
en 2014 Liu Yang Cast for Eternity https://archive.org/details/castforeternitya0000liuy/ w:Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute 978-0-300-20789-7 881612508 26882136M 15 https://archive.org/details/castforeternitya0000liuy/page/15/ A six-character inscription cast inside the bowl records that this gui was made for a nobleman of the E state. Due to gaps in Chinese historical records, the exact history of the state of E is uncertain. Since the E Shu Gui was salvaged from a pile of scrap copper shipped to the Shanghai Foundry from Hubei province, some scholars have inferred that the gui was excavated from Hubei, therefore proving that the E state during the Western Zhou was located in today's Hubei province.
en
en history Its capital, also known as Echeng and Ezhou.
en Mandarin Chinese.
Related terms
en Echeng, en Eping, en Ezhou
Translations
ancient nation Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 鄂 È
Japanese: ja 鄂 gaku
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: ckb ئێ
Vietnamese: vi ngạc
References
Etymology 4
E language
From the en cmn-pinyin - romanization of en cmn 誒 ê̄, from en eee ɛ⁵⁵.
Pronunciation
en /ɛ/, ĕ
en ɛ 1
Proper noun
A Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China; Kjang E.
Translations
a Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County
Chinese:
Mandarin: cmn 誒話, cmn 五色話
E: eee 誒
See also
eee
Etymology 5
River E
en.
Proper noun
en proper nouns
en river carea/Highland cc/Scotland.
See also
en E-1 E-2 E-6 E-head E-R bridge E-road E-site E-tard E-type chondrite Poblacion E polymyxin E pre-E Purok E triple E
en Places in China Transgender Academic grades Compass points Hormones Languages Recreational drugs Steroids Transgender
en heteronyms heteronyms transgender slang
Afar
Letter
aa
aa letter 5
See also
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
letter name af /ɪə/
Letter
af
af letter 5
See also
Noun
E's E'tjie
E
Akawaio
Pronunciation
ake /ɛ/ /e/
Letter
ake
ake letter 2
See also
References
2
Albanian
Pronunciation
sq /ɛ/ /e/
Letter
sq
sq letter 7 the Standard Albanian alphabet
See also
Angami
Letter
njm
njm letter 9
See also
Azerbaijani
Letter
az
az letter 6
See also
Basque
Pronunciation
Letter
eu
eu letter 5 e
See also
Catalan
Pronunciation
é
Letter
ca
ca letter 5 e
See also
Central Franconian
Etymology
/ɛ/ is from Middle High German gmh e (both ë and ẹ) in most closed syllables, in some dialects also in open syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ö in the same positions.
/e/ is from gmh i in most closed syllables; in Moselle Franconian from ü in the same positions.
/eː/ is from gmh ei in Ripuarian and western Moselle Franconian (latter also öu); from gmh ie in Ripuarian and northern Moselle Franconian (latter also gmh üe); from gmh ē, œ in southern Moselle Franconian; in some Moselle Franconian dialects from gmh e, ö in open syllables.
Pronunciation
gmw-cfr short open /ɛ/ short closed /e/ long /eː/ reduced /ə/
Letter
gmw-cfr
gmw-cfr letter German-based
gmw-cfr letter Dutch-based
Usage notes
In the German-based spelling, short open /ɛ/ may also be represented by gmw-cfr Ä (see there).
In the Dutch-based spelling, short closed /e/, which ranges phonetically between [e] and [ɪ], is represented by gmw-cfr I (see there).
2 Doubling of long E
In the German-based spelling, long e is doubled to ee when the German cognate word has ee as well. Long e may or may not be doubled in the following cases:
at the end of a word or word stem: gmw-cfr hee or gmw-cfr he;
when it is followed by two or more consonants: gmw-cfr Leech or rarely gmw-cfr Lech;
when the German cognate has two vowel letters: gmw-cfr Steen or gmw-cfr Sten (German de Stein);
when the German cognate has a consonant lost or not present in Central Franconian: gmw-cfr weed or gmw-cfr wed (German de wird);
when the German cognate has a short vowel: gmw-cfr Keet or gmw-cfr Ket (German de Kette).
In the Dutch-based spelling, long e is always doubled in closed syllables and at the end of a word, always written simple in non-final open syllables.
Central Mazahua
Pronunciation
maz /e/
Letter
maz
maz letter
See also
Chinese
Etymology 1
𪘲
Pronunciation
ji1 v
Verb
zh verbs
zh Cantonese nonstandard yue 𪘲
Etymology 2
依
Pronunciation
ji1 pron
Pronoun
zh pronouns
zh Cantonese nonstandard yue 依 this; these
Derived terms
zh ED E+
Etymology 3
Pronunciation 1
yì ji1 xm:i i5 sh:1i letters
Letter
zh
zh letter 5 the Latin alphabet as used in Chinese
Pronunciation 2
ē letters
Letter
zh
zh letter 5 Pinyin
Usage notes
Czech
Letter
cs
cs letter 8
See also
Dakota
Pronunciation
dak /e/
Letter
dak
dak letter
See also
Dutch
Pronunciation
letter name nl /eː/
nl Nl-E.ogg
Letter
nl
nl letter 5
See also
Elfdalian
Alternative forms
ovd ᛆ Dalecarlian runes
Letter
ovd
ovd letter 7
Esperanto
Pronunciation
See eo e.
Letter
eo
eo letter 6 e
See also
Noun
eo nouns
eo eosto east
Further reading
e
eo Compass points
Estonian
et:
Letter
et
et letter 5 ee
See also
Finnish
Etymology
Letter
fi
fi letter 5 ee
See also
Noun
fi eximia cum laude approbatur
fi e E (musical note) note
French
Pronunciation
fr Fr-E-fr-Paris.ogg Paris
fr LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-E.wav <<France>> (<<Vosges>>)
Adjective
fr adjectives
fr est; east
Noun
fr nouns m
fr est; east
Letter
fr
fr letter 5
See also
fr Compass points
Galician
Noun
gl nouns
leste (east)
Synonyms
east gl L
German
Pronunciation
de /ʔeː/
de De-E.OGG
de eː
de Ä eh one pronunciation
Letter
de
de letter 5
See also
Noun
n,-,-:s
en E
Declension
n,-,-:s
Further reading
Hawaiian
Alternative forms
haw ʻē letter name
Pronunciation
letter name ʻē
phoneme
Letter
haw
haw letter 2
See also
Hungarian
Pronunciation
letter or phoneme itself; identifier ɛː, p. 280
musical note é in the names of major scales; see also hu e letter
Letter
hu
hu letter 9 e
Declension
E- eE-
Derived terms
hu E-dúr
hu E-vitamin
See also
References
Icelandic
Pronunciation
+<qq:letter name>
Letter
is
is letter 6
See also
Ido
Letter
io
io letter 5
See also
Indonesian
Pronunciation
letter name id /e/
phoneme id /e/ /ɛ/
phoneme id /ə/
Etymology 1
From the id la - letter la E, from the id ett - letter ett 𐌄 e, from the id grc - letter grc Ε epsilon, derived from the id phn - letter phn 𐤄 he, from the id egy - hieroglyph egy 𓀠.
Letter
id
id letter 5
See also
Etymology 2
Abbreviation.
Noun
id education en E: The grade below D in some grading systems. In most such systems, it is a failing grade
id vehicle-distinguishing signs vehicle number plate code for the Cirebon, Majalengka, Indramayu, and Kuningan areas
Further reading
Irish
Letter
ga
ga letter 5
See also
Italian
it:
Pronunciation
É*<pre:letter name><hmp:e> ẹ́,ẹ̀<pre:phonemic realization><rhyme:-><hmp:e,è>
Letter
it
it letter 5 e
Noun
it nouns m
it est; east
See also
Italian alphabet
it Compass points
Japanese
Romanization
え
Kankanaey
Etymology
kne tl E. Letter pronunciation is influenced by kne en E.
Pronunciation
7i<a:letter name> ë<a:phoneme> e<a:phoneme><q:uncommon>
Letter
letter E,Ë
kne letter 5 i
See also
References
10-11
Kashubian
Etymology
Letter
csb
csb letter 7
See also
Khiamniungan Naga
Etymology
Pronunciation
kix /e³³/
Letter
kix
kix Patsho kix letter 3
See also
Pronunciation guide
Latin
Letter
la
la letter representing the vowels /e/ and /eː/
Usage notes
Historical Latin texts did not generally distinguish short and long vowels orthographically. In modern texts and editions of older texts, the vowels are typically written ⟨E⟩ and ⟨Ē⟩ to mark the length distinction.
See also
Latvian
lv:
Etymology
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.
Pronunciation
ɛ
lv lv-riga-e.ogg
æ
lv lv-riga-e-broad.ogg
Letter
class=skin-invert-image|thumb|200px|E
lv
lv letter 7 e
Usage notes
The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — lv šaurais e narrow e — and [æ] — lv platais e broad e. In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.
See also
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
lb /æ/ /eː/ chiefly unstressed /ə/ /e/
Letter
lb
lb letter 5
Usage notes
Long /eː/ is normally spelt lb ee. Before a single consonant it may be spelt lb e, but this is restricted to internationalisms (e.g. lb Meter).
Apart from unstressed syllables, the pronunciation /ə/ /e/ also occurs in the function words lb ech; lb mech, lb dech, lb sech; lb meng, lb deng, lb seng; lb net. Otherwise these vowels are spelt lb Ë or lb É.
See also
Noun
m E-en E
the letter en E
Further reading
2
Malay
ms:
Pronunciation
ms [i] Name of letter
ms [e] [ɛ] Phoneme 1
ms [ə] Phoneme 2
Letter
ms
ms letter 5
See also
Maltese
Letter
mt
mt letter 5
See also
Middle Scots
Noun
gmw-msc noun 1
gmw-msc ee eye
Navajo
Letter
nv
nv letter
See also
Norwegian Bokmål
Letter
nb
nb letter 5
See also
Noun
E-
the letter en E
References
“E – bokstav” in no Store norske leksikon.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Letter
nn
nn letter 5
See also
Noun
E-
the letter en E
References
Nupe
Pronunciation
phoneme nup /e/
Letter
nup
nup letter 6
See also
Old English
Pronunciation
e
Letter
ang
ang letter
Usage notes
Modern editions of Old English texts often mark long versions of this vowel with a macron (Ē) or acute accent (É).
Oromo
Pronunciation
'e
e
om Om-e.ogg
Letter
om
om letter 5
Polish
Etymology
pl letter
Pronunciation
- - LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-E.wav
Letter
pl
pl letter 7 e
See also
Portuguese
Letter
pt
pt letter 5
See also
Romani
Pronunciation
rom /e/
Letter
rom
rom International Standard rom letter 7
rom Pan-Vlax rom letter 8
See also
Romanian
Pronunciation
ro /e/ /je/
Letter
ro
ro letter 7 e
Usage notes
At the beginnings of some common words, this letter takes on the sound of /je/ as in ro este (/ˈjes.te/).
The en digraph ro ea represents the en diphthong /e̯a/, as in ro prea (/pre̯a/).
See also
Saanich
Pronunciation
str /ə/
Letter
str nocase
str letter 9
See also
Sarikoli
Pronunciation
Letter
srh
srh letter 7
See also
Scottish Gaelic
Letter
gd
gd letter 5 D F ; traditionally named gd eadha aspen
See also
Silesian
Etymology
Letter
szl
szl letter 7
See also
Skolt Sami
Pronunciation
phoneme sms /e/ /ɛ/
Letter
sms
sms letter 10
See also
Slovene
sl:
Alternative forms
sl Є Metelko alphabet
Etymology
From Gaj's Latin alphabet sh E, from sl cs - alphabet cs E, from Latin la E, from the sl ett - letter ett 𐌄 e, from the sl grc - letter grc Ε epsilon, derived from the sl phn - letter phn 𐤄 he, from the sl egy - hieroglyph egy 𓀠.
Pronunciation
phoneme Standard Slovene: sl /éː/ /èː/ /ɛ́/ /ɛ́ː/ /ɛ̀ː/ /ə́/ /ə̀/ /e/ /ɛ/ [ɪ́] [ɪ̀] [é̞] [è̞]
phoneme Resian: sl /ɛ/
phoneme Natisone Valley dialect: sl /ɛː/ /ɛ/ /ɛ̆/
letter name: ẹ̄
letter name archaic: ȅ
sl Sl-nt-e.ogg letter name, non-tonal
sl eː
sl e
Letter
sl
sl letter 6
sl letter 8 Resian
sl letter 6 Natisone Valley dialect
Noun
E m-in,n
sl name E e
Usage notes
Nowadays, it is hardly ever neuter gender, so it is considered obsolete.sl Toporišič Jože Slovenska slovnica / Jože Toporišič. - 4. prenovljena in razširjena izd. Obzorja 2000 Maribor 961-230-171-9
Declension
Overall more common
E E-j
More common when with a definite adjective
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Masculine inan., no endings
Obsolete
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Neuter, no endings sl neuter nouns
See also
sl Ë
sl E Ē
sl E È
sl E É
sl E Ê
References
Further reading
Somali
Pronunciation
phoneme so /ɛ/ /e/
letter name so /ʔɛ/
Letter
so
so letter 24 e A I
Usage notes
The Somali alphabet follows the Arabic abjad order.
See also
Spanish
Letter
es
es letter 5
See also
Noun
es nouns m
es este; east
es Compass points
Swedish
Letter
sv
sv letter 5
See also
Tagalog
Etymology
tl es E. Each pronunciation has a different source:
Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by tl en E.
Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character tl ᜁ.
Abecedario pronunciation is from tl es E.
Pronunciation
í<qq:letter name, Filipino alphabet> é<qq:letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario> -é<qq:phoneme, stressed or unstressed> E
Letter
tl
5 i fil
5 e abak
tl historical 6 e abec
See also
tl Ë
Further reading
Turkish
Letter
tr
tr letter 6 e
See also
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
e
Letter
vi
vi letter 8 e
See also
Welsh
Pronunciation
cy /eː/
Letter
cy
cy letter 7 e Dd F
See also
Mutation
E cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take en h-prothesis, for example with the word cy eliffant elephant:
eliffant
Further reading
Yoruba
Pronunciation
phoneme yo /e/
letter name yo /é/
Letter
yo
yo letter 4 é
See also
Zulu
Letter
zu
zu letter 5
See also