Eskimo

eskimo English Alternative forms en Eskimau Esquimau Esquimaux Esquimo Etymology Attested since 1584,in the writings of Richard Hakluyt, in the (now obsolete) spelling en Esquimawe Esquimawes (compare fr Esquimaux Eskimos)John Steckley, White Lies about the Inuit (2008) from en fr Esquimau, ultimately from an Old en moe - term. Ives Goddard's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from moe ayaškimew snowshoe-netter. An older theory, defended by John Steckley due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat". 2 Details The theory most accepted among linguists today is that it derives from moe ayaškimew snowshoe-netter (compare moe assime·w she laces a snowshoe, oj ashkime s/he nets snowshoes), a term applied to the Mi'kmaqIves Goddard, "Synonymy", in Arctic, ed. David Damas, vol. 5 of Handbook of North American Indians (1984), ed. William C. Sturtevant, pages 5–7 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution); cited in Lyle Campbell, American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America (1997), page 394 (New York: Oxford University Press) and apparently later transferred to the Labrador Inuit. An older theory derives it from a term meaning "eaters of raw meat"; compare cr askamiciw s/he eats it raw (Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw, "eats something raw").Pamela R. Stern, Historical Dictionary of the Inuit John Steckley argues in favor of this theory because of its greater acceptance in native oral traditions, and because the Huron, historical allies and trading partners of the Montagnais who loan-translated many names, also denote the Inuit using terms (e.g. Lorette Huron ok8ch iechronnon, Wyandot ok8chtronnon, both including -ok8ch- "to be raw") meaning "people of the raw", "people who eat something raw". In 1978, Montagnais-speaking Quebec anthropologist Jose Mailhot alternatively suggested Eskimo meant "people who speak a different language",Jose Mailhot, L'étymologie de «Esquimau» revue et corrigée, Etudes Inuit/Inuit Studies 2-2:59–70 (1978)Cree Mailing List Digest: November 1997 http://www.nisto.com/cree/mail/cree-1997-11.txt 6 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20120620033446/http://nisto.com/cree/mail/cree-1997-11.txt 20 June 2012 but Steckley considers her theory unlikely. The term may have entered English via en es esquimao, es esquimal (used by Basque fishermen in Labrador). Pronunciation en /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ RP en /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ GA en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Eskimo.wav Southern England en Es kimo Noun * s es en dated sometimes offensive A member of a group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik. en Inuk Inuit Yupik A dog of the American Eskimo breed. en 1958 Henry P. Davis The Modern Dog Encyclopedia 292 Yet many pure-bred, if unregistered, Eskimos are still kept along the Canadian border for use in sled racing. A dog of the Canadian Eskimo breed. en Canadian football historical A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.) Usage notes en Eskimo has come to be considered offensive in Canada because it was widely thought to stem from a Cree pejorative meaning eaters of raw meatMark Israel, Eskimo (2012-06-13), archive (2012-04-03)http://www.native-languages.org/iaq23.htm Setting the Record Straight About Native Languages: What Does "Eskimo" Mean In Cree? Native-languages.org 2012-06-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20260901062902/http://www.native-languages.org/iaq23.htm 1 September 2026http://www.bartleby.com/61/24/E0212400.html Eskimo https://web.archive.org/web/20010412155403/http://www.bartleby.com:80/61/24/E0212400.html 2001-04-12 Bartleby American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000 (although both the Cree and Inuit ate raw meat). In Canada, it has been superseded by en Inuit (for the peoples, and en Inuvialuit for those in the Western Arctic). The term is still used worldwide by historians and archaeologists. In Alaska, indigenous Alaskans find this term too imprecise and prefer "Alaska Native", as "Eskimo" encompasses (and is the only encompassing term for) all the Arctic peoples including the Inuit en Iñupiat and the non-Inuit en Yupik. However, en Eskimo does not include the related en Aleut people (en Unangan). Greenland natives also call themselves en Greenlanders (Greenlandic: kl kalaallit), and their language en Greenlandic (kl kalaallisut). Related terms en husky#Etymology_2 dog, from the same root as Eskimo en Husky an Eskimo person; an Eskimo language dated Translations member of the Eskimo people(s) Armenian: hy էսկիմոս Catalan: ca esquimal m f Chinese: Cantonese: yue 愛斯基摩人 oi3 si1 gei1 mo1 jan4 Mandarin: cmn 愛斯基摩人 Àisījīmórén, cmn 埃斯基摩人 Āisījīmórén, cmn 依士企摩人 Yīshìqǐmórén, Yīshìqìmórén Chukchi: ckt айванаԓьын ajvanaḷʹyn, ckt айван ajvan Czech: cs Eskymák m Danish: da eskimo c, da inuit c Dutch: nl Eskimo m Esperanto: eo eskimo Finnish: fi eskimo French: fr Esquimau m, fr Eskimo m German: de Eskimo m Greek: el Εσκιμώος m Hindi: hi एस्कीमो Hungarian: hu eszkimó Ingrian: izh eskimosa Irish: ga Eiscimeach m Italian: it eschimese m Japanese: ja エスキモー Esukimō Korean: ko 에스키모 Macedonian: mk Еским m, mk Ескимка f Ojibwe: oj eshkimoo, oj eshkiime Polish: pl Eskimos m-pr, pl Eskimoska f Portuguese: pt esquimó m f Romanian: ro eschimos m, ro eschimosă f Russian: ru эскимо́с m, ru эскимо́ска f Slovak: sk Eskimák m Spanish: es esquimal m f Swahili: sw Mweskimo, sw Waeskimo Swedish: sv eskimå c Turkish: tr Eskimo Ukrainian: uk ескімо́с m Volapük: vo läskioman male or female, vo hiläskioman male, vo jiläskioman female, older term vo leskiman male or female Proper noun Any of the languages of the Eskimo people. Translations language Chinese: Mandarin: cmn 愛斯基摩語 Àisījīmóyǔ, cmn 埃斯基摩語 Āisījīmóyǔ, cmn 依士企摩語 Yīshìqǐmóyǔ, Yīshìqìmóyǔ Czech: cs eskymáčtina f Dutch: nl Eskimo n Finnish: fi eskimokieli French: fr esquimau m, fr eskimo m German: de Eskimo n Hindi: hi एस्कीमो f Hungarian: hu eszkimó Irish: ga Eiscimis f Italian: it eschimese m Japanese: ja エスキモー語 esukimō-go Macedonian: mk ескимски m Polish: pl język eskimoski m-in Portuguese: pt esquimó m Romanian: ro eschimosă f Russian: ru эскимо́сский язы́к m Spanish: es esquimal m Swahili: sw Kieskimo Turkish: tr Eskimoca Ukrainian: uk ескімо́ська f, uk ескімо́ська мо́ва f Volapük: vo läskiomanapük, older term vo leskimanapük Adjective en sometimes offensive Of or relating to the Eskimo peoples. In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages. Derived terms en American Eskimo Dog baskimo Canadian Eskimo Dog Caribou Eskimo Eskaleut Eskaleutian Eskaleutic Eskibeat Eskie Eskimo-Aleut Eskimoan Eskimo boot Eskimo brothers Eskimo curlew Eskimo dog Eskimoic Eskimoid eskimoite Eskimoized Eskimo kiss Eskimological Eskimologist Eskimology Eskimo Nebula Eskimoness Eskimo pie Eskimo Point Eskimo potato Eskimo roll esky Greenlandic Eskimo Pidgin Paleo-Eskimo Proto-Eskimo red-headed Eskimo sell freezers to Eskimos sell ice to Eskimos sell snow to Eskimos 'skimo West Alaska Eskimo Translations of, or relating to an Eskimo, Eskimos or their language, languages Chinese: Cantonese: yue 愛斯基摩 oi3 si1 gei1 mo1 Mandarin: cmn 愛斯基摩 Àisījīmó, cmn 埃斯基摩 Āisījīmó, cmn 依士企摩 Yīshìqǐmó, Yīshìqìmó Czech: cs eskymácký Danish: da eskimoisk Dutch: nl Eskimo Eskimo- Finnish: fi eskimo eskimo-, fi eskimoiden French: fr esquimau, fr eskimo German: de Eskimo Eskimo- Hindi: hi एस्कीमो Hungarian: hu eszkimó Irish: ga Eiscimeach, ga Eiscimise language Italian: it eschimese Macedonian: mk ескимски Norwegian: Bokmål: nb eskimoisk Nynorsk: nn eskimoisk Polish: pl eskimoski Portuguese: pt esquimó Romanian: ro eschimos Russian: ru эскимо́сский Spanish: es esquimal Swahili: sw Kieskimo Ukrainian: uk ескімо́ський Volapük: vo läskiomanik m f, vo hiläskiomanik m, vo jiläskiomanik f, older term vo leskimanik m f, language vo läskiomanapükik, older term language vo leskimanapükik References “Eskimo” and “Origin of the name Eskimo” in Wikipedia Anagrams en eikmos smokie en People Dutch Etymology From nl fr Esquimau; for more, see en Eskimo. The theory that it derives from a word meaning “eater(s) of raw meat” is discredited. Pronunciation nl /ˈɛs.ki.moː/ nl Es ki mo Noun m -'s + en Eskimo person Proper noun n the en Eskimo language (group) French Alternative forms fr Esquimau Noun m an en Eskimo Derived terms fr eskimo a fr Demonyms German Alternative forms de Esquimo dated Pronunciation de /ˈɛskimo/ de De-Eskimo.ogg <<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>) Noun m,(s),-:s:'s Eskimo Declension m,(s),-:s:'s Derived terms de eskimoisch Proper noun n,- Eskimo language Synonyms de Eskimoisch Further reading Eskimo_Volk_Gruppe_Stoff Eskimo_Sprache