-te

Appendix:Variations of "te" Ainu Alternative forms ain -re used after vowels ain -e used after r Pronunciation /te/ Suffix ain suffix ain causative ain -re used after consonants other than r to make happen ain ek ekte to come to make come; to send (a person) ain oman omante to go to make go; to send (something) ain cis ciste to cry to make cry See also ain -yar indefinite causativeReconsidering Causative Constructions in Ainu Anna Bugaeva 2014 Northern Language Studies 127-147 http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55125 Graduate School of Letters, Hokkaido University References Chuukese Suffix chk suffix chk auxiliary Used to express negative tense in the determinate; never Dutch Etymology 1 nl :inh dum:-ede + ++ Middle Dutch dum -ede was shortened to dum -de in late Middle Dutch, and the suffix was devoiced to dum -te according to the nl 't kofschip rule. This voiceless variety was then taken to be the suffix proper and the voiced variety gradually fell out of use. Suffix nl suffix noun-forming suffixes f plural -ten or -tes appended to an adjective, making a feminine noun which refers to the size or quality referred to by the adjective, cognate to -th. nl hoog hoogte nl ruim ruimte nl breed breedte nl lang lengte nl gewoon gewoonte appended to the stem of a verb, yields a feminine noun which refers to the object of such a verb. nl behoeven behoefte nl beloven belofte Etymology 2 Suffix nl suffix See nl ge- -te. Etymology 3 Suffix nl suffix inflectional suffixes after voiceless consonants nl -de forms the singular of the past tense of weak verbs nl maken maakte French Etymology Attested since the 11th century, from fr fro -te, from fr la -ita, the feminine of the past participle ending la -itus. Suffix f fr not productive forms result nouns from -dre and a few other third-group verbs fr vendre vente sell sale fr perdre perte lose loss fr attendre attente wait, expect expectation fr fuir fuite flee, (of liquids) leak flight (act of fleeing), leak Derived terms fr German Pronunciation de /tə/ Etymology 1 de past-conjugation :inh gmh:-te From de gmh -te, gmh -ete, from a merger of several de goh - conjugations. Alternative forms de -ete used with most stems in -d, -t, and consonant + -n, -m Suffix de inflectional suffixes forms the first-person and third-person singular of the past tense and past subjunctive of weak verbs and some irregular verbs de reisen to travel reiste [I] travelled; [he] travelled Etymology 2 de deadjectival :bor gml:-te<ety:inh<gem-pro:*-iþō>> From de gml - and de dum -te, from de gem-pro *-iþō, whence also inherited but equally rare de -de. Suffix de suffix f plural -ten de rare not productive only as synchronic surface analysis forms nouns from adjectives de flau slack, windless Flaute slackness, stagnation de halb half Hälfte half, fifty percent de raum wide, open Räumte cargo capacity of a ship Hungarian Pronunciation Suffix hu suffix hu past hu personal hu past-tense suffix Forms the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs. hu keres to search kereste he/she (has/had) searched hu participle hu verbal-participle suffix Forms the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun. hu nevel to bring up, to raise [az anyja] nevelte [gyermek] [the child] raised by [his/her mother] his/her-mother-raised child hu noun-forming hu noun-forming suffix Forms nouns from certain verbs (cf. hu -és), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (hu -e), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes. hu érkezik to arrive érkezte his/her/its arrival Usage notes Derived terms hu noun See also :Category:Hungarian verbal participles :Category:Hungarian verb forms Appendix:Hungarian suffixes Further reading Irish Suffix i ga -ta plural plural suffix ga -ta participle past participle suffix Japanese Romanization て Latin Suffix la suffix form la -tus m voc s Middle English Etymology 1 enm :bor fro:-te<ety:inh<la:-tās>> From enm fro -te, fro -tet, from enm la -tās -tās, -tātem; compare enm -ite. Alternative forms enm -tee -tei -tey -tie -ty -tye from early fro -tet enm -tet -teth -tethe -teþ -tith -tithe Pronunciation enm /-ˈteː/ /-teː/ Suffix enm suffix Forms abstract nouns from adjectives. enm -ite Usage notes Derived terms enm Descendants en -ty sco -ty References -tẹ̄ suf MED44625 Etymology 2 Suffix enm suffix enm following fricatives enm -th abstract nominal suffix Etymology 3 Suffix enm suffix enm following fricatives enm -the abstract nominal abstract nominal suffix Etymology 4 Suffix enm suffix enm following fricatives enm -the ordinal ordinal suffix Etymology 5 Suffix enm suffix enm -ty Etymology 6 From enm ang -te, the first‐ and third‐person singular past tense ending of certain class 1 weak verbs (typically those with stems ending in a voiceless consonant). It also frequently arises from the devoicing of the past tense ending enm -de (syncopated from enm -ede, typically following sonorant consonants). Alternative forms enm -t past ending Suffix enm suffix Forms the past tense of certain weak verbs. Descendants en -t past ending sco -t Mizo Suffix lus suffix Pluralizes nouns. lus naupang child naupangte children Usage notes This plural suffix is completely optional in Mizo. Norwegian Bokmål Pronunciation nb /tə/ nb tə 1 nb -te Etymology 1 nb non -ti weak-verb simple-past ending, the voiceless allomorph of non -ði weak-verb simple-past ending, containing the Germanic dental preterite marker. Compare nn -te, da -te and sv -te weak-verb simple-past ending. Suffix nb suffix An inflectional suffix forming the simple past of certain weak verbs and a small number of irregular verbs. nb kjøpe to buy → nb kjøpte bought nb lese to read → nb leste read nb sende to send → nb sendte sent nb tenke to think → nb tenkte thought nb Hun kjøpte ei ny bok. She bought a new book. Usage notes With infinitives ending in unstressed ⟨e⟩, that vowel is removed before nb -te: nb kjøpe → nb kjøpte nb lese → nb leste nb høre to hear → nb hørte heard A simple-past form in nb -te normally corresponds to a supine and basic past participle in nb -t: nb kjøpte bought — nb kjøpt bought nb leste read — nb lest read nb sendte sent — nb sendt sent nb tenkte thought — nb tenkt thought The distribution of nb -te is lexical and cannot be predicted solely from the final sound or spelling of the infinitive. Compare nb kjøpe → nb kjøpte, but nb håpe to hope → nb håpet hoped or nb håpa hoped. The suffix frequently follows a voiceless consonant, as in nb kjøpte, nb leste and nb tenkte, but it also occurs after sonorants and other consonants, as in nb mente meant, thought, nb kjente knew, felt and nb hørte heard. Its addition may be accompanied by changes in the stem or spelling: nb kjenne to know, feel → nb kjente knew, felt nb velge to choose → nb valgte chose nb selge to sell → nb solgte sold Certain irregular verbs also have a simple past ending in this sequence, including nb måtte had to; must, simple past from nb må must, have to and nb visste knew from nb vite to know. A written form in -te may be ambiguous between a finite simple-past verb and an inflected past participle: De kjøpte klær. — “They bought clothes.” De kjøpte klærne. — “The bought clothes.” In the participial use, the ending is synchronically analysed as the basic participle in nb -t followed by the definite and plural adjective ending nb -e: nb kjøpt + nb -e → nb kjøpte nb sendt + nb -e → nb sendte Not every word form ending in ⟨te⟩ contains this simple-past suffix. For example, adjectival nb svarte black; definite singular and plural is nb svart black followed by nb -e, whereas verbal nb svarte answered contains the simple-past suffix. Derived terms nb brente burned nb førte led, carried nb glemte forgot nb hørte heard nb kalte called nb kjente knew, felt nb kjøpte bought nb leste read nb lærte learned, taught nb mente meant, thought nb reiste travelled; raised nb sendte sent nb spilte played nb svarte answered nb tenkte thought nb valgte chose nb viste showed See also nb -t supine and past-participle ending nb -e definite singular and plural adjective ending nb -de weak-verb simple-past ending nb -dde weak-verb simple-past ending nb -et weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending nb -a weak-verb simple-past, supine and past-participle ending Etymology 2 nb non -ti ordinal-forming suffix, occurring in inherited ordinal forms such as non fimti fifth, non sétti sixth, non ellifti eleventh and non tolfti twelfth, ultimately reflecting a Proto-Germanic ordinal suffix gem-pro *-tô. Compare nn -te, da -te and sv -te ordinal-forming suffix. Suffix nb suffix Forming certain indeclinable ordinal adjectives from cardinal numerals or symbols. nb fem -te five ordinal-forming suffix → nb femte fifth nb seks six → nb sjette sixth nb tolv -te twelve ordinal-forming suffix → nb tolvte twelfth nb n -te the variable n ordinal-forming suffix → nb n-te nth Usage notes The ordinary inherited ordinal forms containing this suffix are: nb femte fifth nb sjette sixth nb ellevte eleventh nb tolvte twelfth The suffix also occurs when these ordinals form the final element of a compound numeral: nb tjuefemte twenty-fifth and nb tjuesjette twenty-sixth. nb sjette shows substantial historical alteration of the cardinal stem nb seks six and is not formed by simply attaching the spelling -te to the modern cardinal. The mathematical form nb n-te nth is written with a hyphen and can also be used figuratively of an unspecified high number: for n-te gang (“for the umpteenth time”). Ordinal adjectives are indeclinable: den femte dagen det femte året de femte plassene Most other regular Bokmål ordinals use nb -ende, including nb sjuende seventh, nb åttende eighth, nb trettende thirteenth and nb tjuende twentieth. The ending in nb første first, nb tredje third and nb fjerde fourth belongs to inherited lexical forms and is not an application of productive nb -te to the modern cardinal stems. Derived terms nb femte fifth nb sjette sixth nb ellevte eleventh nb tolvte twelfth nb n-te nth See also nb -ende ordinal-forming suffix References “Adjektiver og partisipper”, Språkrådet. Old English Suffix verbf 1 ang -de; marks the first and third person singular preterite indicative of certain class I weak verbs ang reċċan<t:to explain, argue> rehte<t:I/he/she/it explained, argued> Saterland Frisian Etymology From stq ofs -te, ofs -ithe, from stq gem-pro *-iþō. More at en -th. Suffix stq suffix f Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives, or other nouns; -th Derived terms stq Scottish Gaelic Alternative forms gd -da -de -ta Etymology From gd sga -de. Suffix gd suffix Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun. gd 'S crìochnaichte an sgeul. The story is finished. gd beum stress beumte stressed gd blas taste blasta tasty gd drabas filthiness of speech, smut drabasda obscene, ribald, smutty, dirty, indelicate Derived terms gd Swedish Alternative forms sv -de Suffix sv suffix sv -de; suffix to create preterite tense of verbs if the stem ends in an unvoiced consonant (this form of the suffix is only applicable to verbs which end in -er in the present tense) Anagrams sv et -et Turkish Suffix tr suffix form tr -da locative suffix after a front vowel followed by an unvoiced consonant