411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-x
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Appendix:Variations of "x"
Translingual
Etymology
mul en:XML.
Suffix
mul suffix
mul computing Indicates an XML-based, macro-free version of the base file extension.
mul .doc .docx
Derived terms
mul
mul Microsoft
English
Etymology 1
Suffix
en value Used to represent a value that may vary: see en x quantity.
en I teach all of the 30x classes. referring to classes numbered 301, 302, 303, etc.
Etymology 2
The letter en x is prototypically pronounced [ks] in English; it therefore serves as a convenient shorthand for the digraphs (en cs, en ks, etc.) or trigraphs (en cks etc.) that would otherwise represent that consonant cluster.
Pronunciation
en /ks/
Suffix
en ks-sounden chiefly US informal Used to replace a /ks/ sound, especially in monosyllabic words ending in en -cks or en -ks.
en en blax blacks, en clox clocks, en fax facts, en folx folks, en hax hacks, en pix pics, en punx punks, en shox shocks, en snax snacks, en sox socks, en stix sticks, en tix tickets, en trax tracks
See also
en -z
Etymology 3
en perhaps modelled after en Rx prescription < en ℞ < la recipe?
Suffix
en abbreviation An abbreviation marker.
en en Dx diagnosis, en elex election, en Hx history, en pax passenger, en RX receive, en TX transmit
Etymology 4
From the use of en x as a neutral or nonspecific placeholder.
Suffix
en gender-neutralen neologism Used to replace a gendered suffix.
en alumnx, en Chicanx, en Latinx
See also
en x gender
en Gender Non-binary
French
Etymology 1
From a medieval ligature for la -us, which looked similar to the letter la x and was ultimately treated as identical to it. Thus fr fro voyeul voyeus vowel was also spelt fro voyex, for instance. Later on, the frm u was reinserted before the frm -x and this latter thus became an alternative spelling of frm -s in said position.A.H. Edgren: A compendious French grammar, Boston, 1890, p. 31
This use of fr -x and particularly the irregularities in its application, which developed over time, have been criticized by grammarians for centuries, but no reform has ever been enacted. The most recent Reforms of French orthography#Rectifications of 1990 spelling reform of 1990 did not touch the matter either.
Pronunciation
Silent, except in liaison environments, when it may be pronounced /z‿/. This liaison is usual in adjectives, but fairly rare in nouns.
Suffix
Used to form the regular plurals of nouns and adjectives in -au and -eu.
fr dieu → dieux god → gods
fr noyau → noyaux core → cores
fr hébreu → hébreux Hebrew → Hebrews
Used to form the irregular plurals of a few nouns in -ou (which regularly add fr -s).
fr pou → poux louse → lice
See also
fr -s
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
fr /ks/ /s/ or silent
Suffix
gneut #,#s,-z
fr neologism gender-neutral nonstandard forms the gender-neutral of adjectives and nouns
fr étudiant étudianx
fr ami amix
Derived terms
fr
References
Maltese
Etymology
From mt ar شَيْء thing. The same negation suffix is found in most North African and some Levantine dialects of Arabic.
Suffix
suffix
Used together with the particle mt ma to negate verbs and adverbs
mt jikteb → ma jiktibx he writes → he doesn’t write
Used on its own or with the particle mt la to express a negated imperative
mt tikteb → tiktibx or: la tiktibx you write → don't write
Usage notes
A suffixed -x, etymologically from the same Arabic noun as the above, also occurs in a handful of Maltese words without a negative meaning, e.g. mt kollox everything, mt aktarx rather, probably, mt jekkx whether.
Portuguese
Etymology
pt :bor en:-x<id:gender-neutral> + 1
Suffix
n -xs
pt gender-neutral pt now mostly proscribed a gender-neutral, normally not pronounced suffix that replaces pt -o and pt -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns
pt -e
pt Somos todxs um. We are all one.
Usage notes
As gender-neutral suffixes, pt @ and pt -x have been gradually displaced by pt -e, considered easier for users of text-to-speech and people with reading disorders.
Spanish
Suffix
gneut
es gender-neutral es nonstandard neologism a gender-neutral suffix that replaces es -o and es -a in nouns, adjectives and pronouns
es chicano//chicana chicanx
es ellos//ellas ellxs
es latino//latina latinx
es los//las lxs
es Spanish gender-neutral suffixes