Peking

Péking English Alternative forms en Pachin Paquin Pekin Pequin Peh-king obsolete Etymology 1655 romanization of the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect en cmn - pronunciation of en zh 北京 Běijīng, reinforced by en zh-postal - from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 The early Portuguese and Jesuits such as Francis Xavier used the spelling en Paquim; Abraham Ortelius used C. en Paquin for his 1572 Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, the first modern atlas; Italian Jesuit Martino Martini used Peking in his 1654 Latin De Bello Tartarico Historia and 1655 Novus Atlas Sinensis, which were quickly translated into English and later used by Joan Blaeu for his 1665 Atlas Maior. Peter Heylyn's Cosmographie changed its spelling from en Paquin in the 1652 edition to Peking in the 1658 edition, but both en Pekin and Peking were used interchangeably in English until the Chinese Imperial Post adopted Peking as its Postal Romanization official transcription in the 1890s. (Note that en Peking is not derived from Wade-Giles romanization- see en Pei-ching and en Peiching.) Pronunciation en /piːˈkɪŋ/, /peɪ.ˈkɪŋ/ /pɛ.ˈkɪŋ/ pēʹkǐngʹ pāʹkǐngʹ peʹkǐngʹ en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Peking.wav Southern England en ɪŋ 2 en Pe king Proper noun en @dated form of:Beijing direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China. en https://archive.org/details/b3032340x/ 1655 The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China 273 The Emperour hearing of the ill ſucceſſe of this Affairs, began to think of leaving the Northern parts, where his Royal City of Peking is ſituated, and to paſſe to Nankuing which is far more Southward; but he was diſſwaded from this intended courſe as well by his loyal, as diſloyal ſubjec͡ts : by theſe, that they might give him up more ſpeedily into the enemies hands, before their treachery was diſcovered; and by the others, leſt his flight might trouble the Kingdome more, and diſcourage all his Subjec͡ts from giving their beſt aſſiſtance; for they thought the City impregnable, being fortified with ſo ſtrong a Garriſon; nor did they doubt that the Kings preſence would draw the ſources of the whole Kingdom to him. en https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cfsI4ZjTbU 15:48 February 20, 1972 Nixon in China (The Film) President Richard Nixon w:Richard Nixon Presidential Library Agana, Guam This is not a time for a long speech but, I would not want this opportunity to pass without saying just a word with regard to the significance of this moment. Some of you may recall that it was two and a half years ago that right here in Guam, I announced a new direction for American foreign policy based on the principles of self-reliance, self-respect- equal dignity for all nations, large and small throughout the world. And tomorrow, I will take off from Guam for Shanghai and Peking, the first President of the United States ever to visit China. Guam, I know it is said, is where the American day begins. And I would hope that all of you today would join me in this prayer, that with this trip to China, a new day may begin for the whole world. Thank you very much. en 4 June 1989 w:Kate Adie Archive: Chinese troops fire on protesters in Tiananmen Square - BBC News https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKvxJ-Js3A&t Peking w:BBC News 2014 0:02 The noise of gunfire rose from all over the center of Peking. It was unremitting. en April 12, 2023 w:John Bolton A New American Grand Strategy to Counter Russia and China https://web.archive.org/web/20230504050808/https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/a-new-american-grand-strategy-to-counter-russia-and-china-asian-nato-aukus-collective-defense-taiwan-da555cf 4 May 2023 https://www.wsj.com/amp/articles/a-new-american-grand-strategy-to-counter-russia-and-china-asian-nato-aukus-collective-defense-taiwan-da555cf w:The Wall Street Journal Opinion 0099-9660 781541372 Third, after Ukraine wins its war with Russia, we must aim to split the Russia-China axis. Moscow’s defeat could unseat Mr. Putin’s regime. What comes next is a government of unknowable composition. New Russian leaders may or may not look to the West rather than Beijing, and might be so weak that the Russian Federation’s fragmentation, especially east of the Urals, isn’t inconceivable. Beijing is undoubtedly eyeing this vast territory, which potentially contains incalculable mineral wealth. Significant portions of this region were under Chinese sovereignty until the 1860 Treaty of Peking transferred “outer Manchuria,” including extensive Pacific coast lands, to Moscow. Russia’s uncontrolled dissolution could provide China direct access to the Arctic, including even the Bering Strait, facing Alaska. en en metonymy en Beijing: the government of the People's Republic of China; the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. en Usage notes Cultural terms using Peking such as en Peking duck and en Peking opera are the standard English language forms. However, as a reference to the city itself, Peking, though common in English into the 1980s,Peking,Beijing is less common than the pinyin-derived en Beijing in standard English and is perceived to be dated or historical. The adjectival form en Pekingese is more common than the more recently generated terms en Beijingese and en Beijinger. Coordinate terms en Nanking Derived terms en Peking duck Pekinger Pekingese Pekingologist Peking opera Peking ravioli Pekingology Translations Beijing References Further reading pn Medhurst Walter Henry Walter Henry Medhurst English and Chinese Dictionary https://archive.org/details/englishandchine00medhgoog/page/938/mode/2up?q=Peking 1848 2 Mission Press Shanghae (Shanghai) 6590623 939 Medhurst Walter Henry Walter Henry Medhurst Chinese and English Dictionary; Containing All the Words in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary, Arranged According to the Radicals https://books.google.com.ph/books?redir_esc=y&id=h380AQAAIAAJ&q=your#v=onepage&q=capital&f=false 1842 1 Parapattan, Batavia (Jakarta) 6 Anagrams en egiknp Keping keping en Beijing Czech cs: Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect cs cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation Proper noun m-in pekingský Pekiňan cs direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking Declension m.sg References Further reading Dutch nl: Etymology nl cmn 北京, specifically the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Compare pt Pequim, es Pekín, en Peking, fr Pékin. Pronunciation nl /ˈpeːkɪŋ/ nl Nl-Peking.ogg Proper noun n nl direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking References Finnish Alternative forms fi Beijing rare Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect fi cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation Proper noun fi direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking Declension sg Peking ä 0 Derived terms fi Pekingin ankka Pekingin ooppera pekinginihminen References German Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect de cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Compare pt Pequim, es Pekín, nl Peking, en Peking, fr Pékin. Pronunciation de /ˈpeːkɪŋ/ [ˈpʰeː.kʰɪŋ] de De-Peking.ogg <<Germany>> (<<Berlin>>) de Pe king Proper noun toponym de Beijing Q956 de Beijing<q:uncommon> de Fabian Kretschmer Zwangsarbeitsvorwürfe gegen Volkswagen: Zweifel an VW-Bericht zu Uiguren Die Tageszeitung: taz 2023-12-15 https://taz.de/!5976436/ 0931-9085 Tatsächlich jedoch dürfte vor allem die Angst vor der chinesischen Regierung überwiegen: Ein Rückzug von VW aus Xinjiang würde für Peking schließlich einen tiefen Gesichtsverlust darstellen. https://web.archive.org/web/20261022135407/https://taz.de/Zwangsarbeitsvorwuerfe-gegen-Volkswagen/!5976436/ 22 October 2026 Usage notes In German, de Peking remains the vastly predominant form of the name in all contexts (except perhaps sinologist literature and the like).Beijing, Peking 31 1900 Derived terms de Pekingente References Further reading de Hungarian hu: Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect hu cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation hu Pe king hu iŋɡ 2 Proper noun hu proper noun hu direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking hu Beijing Declension Pekinge e sgPeking j jai sg Derived terms hu pekingi References Interlingua Proper noun ia proper noun ia the former name of Beijing, a <<direct-administered municipality>>, the <<capital city>> of <<c/China>> Peking Serbo-Croatian sh: Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect sh cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation Pèking sh Pe king Proper noun Pèking m sh direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking Declension Peking Pekinga Pekingu Peking Pekinže Pekingu Pekingom References Slovak sk: Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect sk cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation Proper noun m-in Pekingu sk capital c/China Beijing Peking References Slovene sl: Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect sl cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Pronunciation pẹ́king Proper noun Pêking m-in sl capital c/China Beijing Peking Declension Péking sg Derived terms sl Pékinžan / sl Pékinžanka sl pékinški References Swedish sv: Alternative forms sv Beijing Pinyin Etymology Ultimately from the Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect sv cmn 北京 from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Proper noun n sv direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking sv slang humorous a nickname for the city of Norrköping References Anagrams sv egiknp knepig sv Nicknames for cities Tagalog Etymology tl en Peking, from an old romanization of Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca) Nanking court dialect tl cmn 北京, reinforced by tl zh-postal - from before the modern palatalization of [k] to [t͡ɕ].Kaske Elisabeth The Politics of Language in Chinese Education, 1895–1919 https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=okhrBBmnHVQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9789004163676&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=peking&f=false 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV Leiden 978-90-04-16367-6 52 Compare es Pekín, pt Pequim. Pronunciation Proper noun + tl direct-administered municipality/capital city c/China Beijing Peking References Further reading Medhurst Walter Henry Walter Henry Medhurst English and Chinese Dictionary https://archive.org/details/englishandchine00medhgoog/page/938/mode/2up?q=Peking 1848 2 Mission Press Shanghae (Shanghai) 6590623 939 Medhurst Walter Henry Walter Henry Medhurst Chinese and English Dictionary; Containing All the Words in the Chinese Imperial Dictionary, Arranged According to the Radicals https://books.google.com.ph/books?redir_esc=y&id=h380AQAAIAAJ&q=your#v=onepage&q=capital&f=false 1842 1 Parapattan, Batavia (Jakarta) 6