-stad

English Etymology From en grc στάδην, meaning "in an upright position" Suffix en suffix Used to refer to things (eg, water layers in the ocean) characterized by their constant physical quantities. Usage notes The use of that suffix seems restrained to oceanography, for which it was coined to oppose the suffix -cline (found for example in thermocline). Derived terms en thermostad pycnostad halostad Norwegian Bokmål Etymology nb non staðir places, farmsteads, the nominative plural of non staðr place, farmstead, preserved as a final element in place names. Compare nn -stad, sv -stad and is -staðir place-name-forming suffix. Pronunciation nb /stɑː/ nb ɑː 1 nb -stad Suffix nb suffix nb onomastics A place-name-forming suffix occurring especially in inherited names of farms and settlements. Usage notes The suffix nb -stad continues the Old Norse plural non staðir and is not simply the ordinary Norwegian noun nb stad city, town. About 2,500 Norwegian place names contain this element. It is especially common in the inland districts of Eastern Norway and in Trøndelag. The name class largely dates from pre-Christian times and was productive before and during the Viking Age. Many old names in nb -stad have a personal name as their first element. Pronunciation varies between individual place names and dialects; the written final ‹d› is commonly silent. Derived terms nb Austad<t:place name and surname> Bogstad<t:farm and manor in Oslo> Gjerstad<t:municipality and place name> Hammerstad<t:farm name and surname> Tingelstad<t:farm name and locality> Trøgstad<t:district and former municipality in Østfold> Trygstad<t:farm name and surname> 0 References “stedsnavn”, Store norske leksikon. “gårdsnavn”, Store norske leksikon.