Ji'nan

Appendix:Variations of "jinan" English Etymology From the en cmn-pinyin -en 1998 Blunden Caroline w:Mark Elvin Gazetteer Graham Speake Cultural Atlas of China https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/ Revised Facts on File Checkmark Books 0-8160-3814-7 98-34322 43168341 9770589M 232, 234 https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofc00blun_0/page/234/ Names in italics represent the Wade-Giles equivalent of the preceding Pinyin transcription.Ji'nanJinan/Chi-nan/Ji/Qi/Licheng 36°39′N 117°00′E, romanization of en cmn 濟南 incorrectly as Jǐ'nán. Proper noun en misspelling en Jinan Q170247 (Shandong, China). en 1982 w:Colin Mackerras Modern China: A Chronology from 1842 to the present https://archive.org/details/modernchinachron0000mack/ San Francisco, CA w:W. H. Freeman and Company 0-7167-1411-6 81-19458 925305947 4273180M 320 https://archive.org/details/modernchinachron0000mack/page/320/ 7. The Japanese in Ji'nanJinan put forward five demands on China, including that all Chinese troops should withdraw to a limit of twenty li from Ji'nanJinan and from either side of the Ji'nanJinan-Qingdao railway; they demand a reply within twelve hours. en 1998 w:Andrew G. Walder Zouping in Perspective Andrew G. Walder Zouping in Transition: The Process of Reform in Rural North China https://archive.org/details/zoupingintransit0000unse/ w:Harvard University Press 0-674-96855-7 97-44907 37864397 7693801M 3 https://archive.org/details/zoupingintransit0000unse/page/3/ The northernmost of two roads around the Baiyun Mountains from the provincial capital, Ji'nanJinan fifty miles to the west), to the thriving eighteenth- and nineteenth-century market town and silk-weaving center of Zhoucun and continuing on to Yantai on the Bohai Gulf, passed directly through Zouping town. en 2001 D. E. Mungello The Trials and Endeavors of Father Antonio The Spirit and the Flesh in Shandong, 1650-1785 https://archive.org/details/spiritfleshinsha0000mung/ w:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers 0-7425-1163-4 00-065323 872254040 7924231M 9–10 https://archive.org/details/spiritfleshinsha0000mung/page/9/ Schall explained to him that it was impossible to go to Korea at that time because of hostilities between Koreans and the Manchus. Instead, he proposed that Caballero go to Ji'nanJinan, the capital of Shandong province (see maps 1 and 2), where there lived a small number of Christians who had recently been abandoned by the departure of a Jesuit priest. en December 14, 2011 Didi Tang China Opens the Stage Curtains w:The New York Times https://web.archive.org/web/20241215220054/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/arts/15iht-chinatheater15.html 0362-4331 1645522 Theater Still, next up may be the eastern city of Ji'nanJinan in Shandong province, said Guo Qi, the executive producer of the Beijing Fringe Festival, now in its fourth year. 15 December 2024 en Usage notes The misspelling en Ji'nan attempts to make clear that 濟南 is made up of the two Mandarin syllables en ji and en nan instead of en jin and en an.en 1995 Haw Stephen G. w:Stephen G. Haw Introduction A Traveller's History of China https://archive.org/details/travellershistor0000haws/ 3rd Cassell 2002 0-3043-6470-3 59463206 8 https://archive.org/details/travellershistor0000haws/page/8/ Similarly, names of places consisting of two or more characters are often written with no space in transliteration (e.g. Nanjing, Shijiazhuang). Occasionally this could lead to confusion – for example, xi and an are two separate syllables, but when written together without a space they become indistinguishable from the syllable xian. Similarly, is jinan a combination of ji and nan or jin and an? To overcome difficulties of this kind, an apostrophe is placed to mark the division, as in xi'an and ji'nan. (Note: This is an example of the incorrect understanding that leads to this misspelling.) However, in theory, this clarification is not needed because the syllable-dividing mark (隔音符號) should only be added before a non-initial syllable beginning with en a, en o or en e. Hence, en Jinan could only ever refer to a word made up of en ji and en nan since a word made up of en jin and en an would be spelled as en Jin'an (cf. Jin'an). In practice, syllable-dividing marks are often added or omitted at will. References Further reading Ji'nan, Jinan Ji'nan