-tı

Appendix:Variations of "ti" Turkish tı ti tu tü Pronunciation tr /tɯ/ tr /ti/ tr /tu/ tr /ty/ Etymology 1 Suffix tr suffix Derives nouns from verbs, of a result or product of the action, with the suffix tr -n, which derives Reflexive forms of verbs. tr almak<gloss:to take> al- alınmak<gloss:to take offense> -ın- alıntı<gloss:quotation, citation> tr kaşımak<gloss:transitive; to itch, scratch> kaşı- kaşınmak<gloss:reflexive; to itch, to scratch oneself> -n- kaşıntı<gloss:itch, itchiness> tr gezmek<gloss:to wander around, to travel> gez- gezinmek<gloss:to wander around, to walk about> -in- -ti gezinti<gloss:stroll, trip> tr görmek<gloss:to see> gör- görünmek<gloss:to appear, to come in sight> -ün- -tü görüntü<gloss:image, sight, view> tr sıkmak<gloss:to squeeze, to bore> sık- sıkınmak<gloss:to strain oneself, to force oneself> -ın- sıkıntı<gloss:boredom, distress, annoyance> tr çırpmak<gloss:to clap, to beat, to whip> çırp- çırpınmak<gloss:to struggle, to flutter> -ın- çırpıntı<gloss:fluttering, shaking> tr sığmak<gloss:to fit in, to squeeze in> sığ- sığınmak<gloss:to take refuge in, to take shelter in> -ın- sığıntı<gloss:a person whose stay is unwanted or unwelcome> tr saplamak<gloss:to stab, to dig into, to jab> sapla- saplanmak<gloss:to sink into, to be stuck in> -n- saplantı<gloss:obsession, fixation> tr eğlemek<gloss:transitive; to stall, to keep waiting> eğle- eğlenmek<gloss:to have fun, to enjoy oneself, to wait somewhere> -n- -ti eğlenti<gloss:party, enjoyable meeting> tr kurmak<gloss:to set, to build> kur- kurunmak<gloss:to make up (in mind), to form ideas> -un- -tu kuruntu<gloss:wild fancy, delusion> tr söylemek<gloss:to say, to tell> söyle- söylenmek<gloss:to talk to oneself, to complain> -n- -ti söylenti<gloss:rumor> Some verb roots either do not have Reflexive forms due to being New Turkish words derived through false analogyNişanyan, Sevan (2018). Nişanyan Sözlük Çağdaş Türkçenin Etimolojisi. İstanbul:Liber Plus Yayınları. or these forms fell off use in modern Turkish. tr çökmek<gloss:to collapse, to cave in> çök- -n -ün- -tü çöküntü<gloss:collapse, breakdown> ("çökünmek" does not exist in modern Turkish. Compare with ota چوكنمك t͡ʃœ.cyn.mec in Ottoman Turkish.)چوكنمك 739 tr çözmek<gloss:to solve, to untangle, to dissolve> çöz- -l -el- -ti çözelti<gloss:solution, resulting substance of dissolution> (Derived through false analogy to tr çökmek into tr çökelmek into tr çökelti; "çözelmek" does not exist as a separate verb.)Balyemez, S. (2018). Türkiye Türkçesinde Kapalı Gövde Örnekleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, (63), 243-266. tr akmak<gloss:to flow> ak- -n -ın- akıntı<gloss:flow, current, stream> tr ayırmak<gloss:to separate, to split> ayır- -n -ın- ayrıntı<gloss:detail> tr üzmek<gloss:to upset, to aggrieve> üz- -n -ün- -tü üzüntü<gloss:sorrow, grief> tr sızmak<gloss:to leak, to ooze> sız- -n -ın- sızıntı<gloss:leak, leakage> tr sarsmak<gloss:to shake, to jolt> sars- -n -ın- sarsıntı<gloss:shake, concussion, shock> tr beklemek<gloss:to wait, to expect> bekle- -n -n- -ti beklenti<gloss:expectation> Derives onomatopoeic nouns, with suffixes tr -ır or tr -ıl, which derive onomatopoeic verbs in Turkic dialects.Omuralieva, A. (2020). Türkiye Türkçesinde Ses Yansımalı Fiillerin Yapısı. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(12). tr çıt<gloss:click or crack sound> -ır -ır- çıtırtı<gloss:clicking, cracking> tr fıs<gloss:soft hiss sound> -ıl -ıl- fısıltı<gloss:whisper, whispering> tr gür<gloss:rumble or clatter sound> -ıl -ül- -tü gürültü<gloss:noise, rumbling> tr mır<gloss:murmur sound> -ıl -ıl- mırıltı<gloss:murmuring, mumbling> Derives nouns with the suffix tr -ar, which derives intransitive verbs from the names of colors,Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(g)Ar-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük of an area that turns that color. tr kara<gloss:black> kararmak<gloss:to turn black> -ar- karartı<gloss:darkness, blackness, shadow> tr ak<gloss:white, light> ağarmak<gloss:to turn white> -ar- ağartı<gloss:whitening, breaking of dawn> tr mor<gloss:purple> morarmak<gloss:to turn purple> -ar- morartı<gloss:bruise, a purplish spot> Usage notes Most commonly used with the tr -in reflexive and passive suffix, which is why the suffix is often classified in full as -ıntı,Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+(In)tI" - in Nişanyan SözlükSELVİ, Ceren. -IntI Yapım Ekinin Türkçe Ulusal Derlem’de Yer Alan Semantik Prozodi Görünümleri. bitig: 43. even though some nouns derived in this way are made from verbs that do not have reflexive forms; i.e tr akıntı, tr üzüntü, tr sarsıntı. Derived terms tr References Etymology 2 tr :inh ota:ـدی<tr:-dı, -di> ++ 1 Pronunciation Suffix ı i u ü d past tense suffix, used when the last letter of the verb is one of the following: f, s, t, k, ç, ş, h, p; and the preceding vowel is either a or ı. tr yapmak yap(-mak) (to) make → tr yaptı he/she/it did tr çıkmak çık(-mak) (to) go out → tr çıktı he/she/it went out used in nouns to indicate that it has been seen in the past; equivalent to en was were tr at at horse → tr attı it was a horse tr kız kız girl → tr kızdı it was a girl tr dialectal reduplicated to form the pluperfect tr çıktıydı he/she/it had gone out tr -mıştı Usage notes Personal suffixes are added after "-tı". tr çıkmak kal + -tı + tr -m → tr çıktım I went out tr çıkmak kal + -tı + tr -n → tr kaldın you went out tr çıkmak kal + -tı → tr kaldı he/she/it went out tr çıkmak kal + -tı + tr -k → tr kaldık we went out tr çıkmak kal + -tı + tr -nız → tr kaldınız you (pl.) went out tr çıkmak kal + -tı + tr -lar → tr kaldılar they went out tr inflectional suffixes