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Appendix:Variations of "m" English Pronunciation en /əm/ /m̩/ or, next to a vowel, sometimes /m/ en LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-'m.wav US Etymology 1 Contraction of en am. Verb en verb form clitic clitics ’m am, used especially in en I'm. en Whatm I gon' do? en 2008 Elizabeth George Playing for the Ashes Bantam 9780553905472 158 “So how'm I not good?” en dialect Various forms of en be. en 1874 Frances Mary Peard Thorpe Regis Youm no better than a baby when they've clacketed at ye for an hour or two without a word of sense from beginnin' to end. en 1962 w:John Le Carre w:A Murder of Quality "Hem a bad one. Ooh, hem a bad one, Mister," and she laughed softly. "I seed 'im flying, riding on the wind," she laughed again, "and the moon be'ind 'im, lightin' up the way. Theym close as sisters, moon and Devil." en 2016 w:Alan Moore Jerusalem 180 Liveright “Ah, it's a wonder we’m got two sticks to us name, with all that plunder what youm 'ad already.” Related terms en m'<t:I'm> See also en 'd ’d en 'll ’ll en 're ’re en 's ’s (third person) en 've ’ve Etymology 2 Pronoun en 'em. 1967-1969, Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in 2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors), We Both Laughed In Pleasure I picked up two stones and threw ’m in the air, heard ’m drop Etymology 3 Contraction of en madam/en ma'am. Typologically compare ru -с. Noun en noun ’m Represents the word madam or ma'am when used as a formal address of a female; as in yes'm and no'm. en clitics m en contractions m Bavarian Etymology Merged unstressed form of bar am and bar em or bar dem. Article bar article m n a dative the dative See also Catalan Pronoun ca me Usage notes reduced ca Truca'm. Call me. Declension Cornish Etymology From kw my. Cognate with cy 'm. Determiner kw det en my Pronoun kw pron en me kw Hi a'm kwelas. She saw me. See also Dutch Pronunciation nl /əm/ nl Nl-'m.ogg Pronoun nl pronoun nl hem nl Hij heeft 'm neergeschoten. He shot him. Declension nl personal pronouns Juǀ'hoan Verb ktz verb to eat ktz dshau nǂai 'ma ha da'abi ko mari The woman fed her child mealie meal. ktz E kú ’m ǃhá. We are eating meat ktz 1 Tom ǁxukxam nǂaiǁ’ama kxao https://storybooksnamibia.net/stories/ktz/0296/ Jusa hai tsia ǁ’ama khoea. Siǃa ǁ’ama Tom ǁxukxamsi te ‘m ha. More people come to the stall. They buy Tom’s bananas and eat them https://web.archive.org/web/20251218024109/https://storybooksnamibia.net/stories/ktz/0296/ 18 December 2025 ktz 1972/04/30 0106-1013_SideA http://hdl.handle.net/2196/00-0000-0000-000F-BEBF-7 Ku //a'e ha /'ae ko //'akoa, te 'm ha /'ae te. It will be slaughter there and be eating 00:14:17 Noun ktz noun usually plural ktz (~si) food See also ktz 'msi Verb ktz verb ktz (... tci’ìtci’ì) to have hiccups References Biesele, Megan. 2011. Ju|’hoan Audio & Video Material 1970 to Present: A Work in Progress. Endangered Languages Archive. Handle: http://hdl.handle.net/2196/00-0000-0000-000D-089E-3. Dickens, Patrick J. (2005). A Concise Grammar of Juǀʼhoan With a Juǀʼhoan–English Glossary and a Subject Index. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. Collins, Chris, 'The Linker in the Khoisan Languages', in Jason Kandybowicz, and Harold Torrence (eds), Africa's Endangered Languages: Documentary and Theoretical Approaches (New York, 2017; online edn, Oxford Academic, 24 Aug. 2017), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0011, accessed 12 Nov. 2025. 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics. ktz Food and drink North Frisian Pronoun frr pronoun frr Föhr-Amrum Mooring frr Reduced form jam you, you all subject Usage notes Note that frr jam is both subject and object case, but the reduced form frr 'm occurs only for the subject. On Föhr and Amrum, frr 'm is added to an imperative to make it plural, e.g. frr kem kom come! singular, frr kom'm come! plural. This usage is not common in Mooring, the simple form being used for both numbers (as in English). See also Welsh Pronunciation cy /m/ Etymology 1 Determiner cy determiner possessive determiners cy literary my triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel cy fy cy Rwy'n myned yn ôl adref i’m hannwyl famwlad. I am going back home to my dear homeland. Pronoun cy pronoun personal pronouns cy literary me used after vowels as the direct object of a verb; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel cy fi i cy Dywed na’m hadwaenai. He/She says that he/she would not recognise me. cy Fe’m ganed i deulu di-Gymraeg. I was born (lit. "One gave birth to me") into a non-Welsh-speaking family. Usage notes The determiner can be considered a "contraction" of cy fy used after mostly functional vowel-final words (note however that it causes different mutations than cy fy). The pronoun occurs after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such as cy fe, cy a, cy ni, cy na, cy oni and cy pe. Etymology 2 Particle cy particle cy colloquial cy ddim not cy Dwyt ti’m yn cofio Macsen. You don’t remember Macsen. Related terms cy mo not definite Further reading