-ir

Appendix:Variations of "ir" Catalan Etymology ca la -iō -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs, which merged with la -ēscō -ēscere, la -īscō -īscere, from which come the -eix- infix. Pronunciation -i(r) Suffix ca suffix forms infinitives Usage notes ca dir Dir does not count as a third conjugation verb, belonging to the second conjugation. Conjugation Originally, the second person in the preterite indicative had the ending ca -ist in the singular and ca -ís in the plural. Derived terms ca Further reading French Etymology fr verb suffix :inh la:-īre<id:verb suffix> fr fro -ir. Cognate with es -ir, it -ire, ro -i and ro -î, etc. Pronunciation fr LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7--ir.wav <<France>> (<<Toulouse>>) fr LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00--ir.wav <<France>> (<<Lyon>>) Suffix fr non-productive forms the infinitives of many verbs Usage notes Most verbs with infinitives in -ir are marked by the once-inchoative infix fr -iss- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are fr choisir to choose and fr pourrir to rot. A fair number of these have English counterparts in en -ish; some such examples are fr finir to finish, fr nourrir to feed, to nourish, fr accomplir to accomplish, and fr polir to polish. Many verbs with infinitives in -ir have an inchoative meaning. Examples include fr blanchir to whiten, to bleach, to make whiter, to become pale, fr durcir to harden, to make more rigid, to become stronger, fr grandir to become bigger, to magnify, to make bigger, fr rougir to redden, to blush, to become redder, to make redder, and fr vieillir to age, to become older, to make older. A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -ir but do not use the infix fr -iss-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verbs fr sortir to go out, to take out, fr partir to leave, fr dormir to sleep (but these examples are also irregular, with fr sors instead of *sortis). An irregular -ir verb which is truly conjugated exactly as a regular -ir verb except only without the infix (although it is dated and has a regular alternative conjugation) is fr chauvir. This suffix is spelled fr -ïr on a few verbs where the previous syllable ends in a vowel, such as fr haïr to hate and fr ouïr to hear. Additionally, it is spelled fr -ire on the verb fr maudire to curse, by analogy with the related but irregular verb fr dire to say, and the verb fr bruire. Not all verbs whose infinitives happen to end in these letters can truly be said to have this suffix; in particular, a fair number of irregular verbs have infinitives in the unrelated suffix fr -oir. Conjugation See also fr -er fr -ire fr -oir fr -re Fula Affix ff affix ff Pulaar indicates that the action is performed with an instrument or tool, by means of ff winndude winndirde to write to write with... ff helde helirde to break to break with.../to break by means of when a nominalizing class-marker suffix is affixed, it forms an instrumental deverbal (a noun indicating the means by which a verb is accomplished) ff wuppude wuppirgal to do laundry a tool used to do laundry Usage notes affixed following the verb stem This form follows ff -u in active voice verbs following ff -aa in middle voice verbs the affix becomes ff -oraa References Fwe Alternative forms fwe -er -in -en Suffix fwe suffix An applicative (transitivizing) suffix. fwe kùàmbà to speak kùàmbìrà to tell someone fwe kùnyènsà to defend kùnyènsèrà to defend for fwe kùtòmà to charge a dowery kùtòmènà to charge a dowery to Usage notes The alternative forms fwe -er, fwe -in, and fwe -en are used based on vowel harmony and nasal harmony. The tone of the suffix is affected by the tones of the other vowels in the word. When following the causative suffix fwe -is, this suffix may also appear as fwe -iz or fwe -ikiz; these forms are in free variation and carry no distinct meaning. Ido Etymology Modeled after io -ar and io -is. Suffix io suffix Used to denote the past infinitive of a verb. io Me devas telefonir tu. I should have called you. Related terms io -ar present infinitive tense io -or future infinitive tense Middle English Suffix enm suffix 1 enm -er agentive agentive suffix Occitan Etymology From oc la -iō -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs, which merged with la -ēscō -ēscere, la -īscō -īscere, from which come the -iss- and -isc- infix. Pronunciation oc /ˈi/ Suffix oc suffix A verb ending for infinitives. Conjugation - aver Old French Etymology fro :der la:-īre From fro la -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Suffix fro suffix used to form infinitives of second conjugation verbs See also Appendix:Old French verbs fro -er Old Norse Etymology 1 non agentive From non gmq-pro -ᛃᚨᛉ agent, from non gem-pro *-jaz. Suffix non suffix m noun-forming suffixes non rare used to create agent nouns from class 1 weak verbs non -andi -ari -i non myrða myrðir to murder murderer non stilla stillir to still; control stiller, controller; ruler Usage notes Agent nouns formed with this suffix are rare, and mostly found in old poetry. The oldest instance is gmq-pro ᚱᚨᚢᚾᛁᛃᚨᛉ on the Øvre Stabu spear head, from circa 210–240. Derived terms non Etymology 2 non plural Originally multiple distinct endings: In the u-stem nominative, from non gem-pro *-iwiz, from non ine-pro *-ewes, from ine-pro *-us *-es u-stem suffix nominative plural suffix 1. In the i-stem nominative, from non gem-pro *-īz, from non ine-pro *-eyes, from ine-pro *-is *-es i-stem suffix nominative plural suffix 1. In the i-stem accusative, by analogy with the ō-stems, which inflect similarly to the i-stems while having same ending in the nominative and accusative plural; this similarity is also why some ō-stems also take -ir in the nominative and accusative plural. Suffix non suffix inflectional suffixes i-stem/masculine u-stem indefinite nominative plural suffix non sunr son synir sons feminine i-stem indefinite accusative plural suffix non dáð deed dáðir deeds alternative indefinite nominative/accusative plural suffix for some ō-stems non sǫg saw sagir saws besides non sagar Usage notes This ending usually induces Germanic umlaut umlaut of the root in u-stems and masculine and neuter i-stems; in feminine i-stems, it has been levelled out on the model of the ō-stems. Descendants is -ir fo -ir gmq-mno -ir -er nn -er plural nb -er ovd -ir gmq-osw -ir -er sv -er Portuguese Etymology pt :inh roa-opt:-ir<ety:inh<la:-iō<alt:-īre><id:fourth conjugation>>> From pt roa-opt -ir, from pt la -iō -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. In some verbs, it is a reflex of pt la -ere of the third conjugation. Pronunciation pt /ˈi(ɻ)/ Caipira pt /ˈi(χ)/ Nordestino pt -i Brazil, with dropped -r Suffix pt non-productive forms the infinitive of the third-conjugation verbs Conjugation Further reading Spanish Etymology es :inh la:-īre 1 From es la -iō -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with it -ire, ro -i, ro -î. Suffix a verb ending for infinitives Conjugation Below are the suffixes for the regular conjugation of -ir verbs Related terms es -ar es -er See also es Appendix:Spanish verbs in -ar es Appendix:Spanish verbs in -er Turkish ır ir ur ür Etymology tr :inh ota:ـور<tr:-ur, -ür><ety:inh<trk-pro:*-gür>> 2 1 Pronunciation tr /iɾ/ Suffix verb tr causative Causative suffix. tr kaçmak to flee kaçırmak to abduct Derived terms tr Welsh Pronunciation cy /ɪr/ Suffix cy suffix cy literary verb suffix for the impersonal present indicative/future Usage notes -ir causes i-affection of internal vowels, for example, cy canu to sing cenir is sung, one sings, will be sung, one will sing. Derived terms cy