-ინ-

Georgian Etymology From ka ccs-pro *-en *-en : -in derivatory affix of causative verbs. Interfix ka interfix Used to form a causative verb or stem from a noncausative verb or stem. ka წერ- to write → ka წერინ- → ka აწერინებს to make someone write, dictate ka ხატ- to draw → ka ხატვინ- → ka ახატვინებს to make someone draw ka კერ- to sew → ka კერვინ- → ka აკერვინებს to make someone sew Usage notes Series I vs. Series II: In Series I (present/future) screeves, the interfix ka -ინ- is structurally dependent and must be followed by the thematic suffix ka -ებ-. In Series II (aorist) screeves, the thematic suffix ka -ებ- automatically drops, leaving ka -ინ- to stand alone: ka აწერინებს makes someone write Present → ka აწერინა made someone write Aorist Lexical requirement for transitive roots: Transitive root verbs cannot use a simple ka ა-...ka -ებ- circumfix for causatives, as that wrapper is reserved for relative active verbs. They must deploy ka -ინ- instead: ka წერს writes → ka აწერს writes something on something relative active ka წერს writes → ka აწერინებს makes someone write causative Suffix cascade: If the base verb natively uses the thematic suffix ka -ებ-, the interfix ka -ინ- is inserted right after it, followed by a second, mandatory present-system ka -ებ-: ka დუღ-ებ- boiling → ka დუღ-ებ-ინ- → ka ადუღებინებს to make someone boil something ka შენ-ებ- building → ka შენ-ებ-ინ- → ka აშენებინებს to make someone build something Derived terms ka Laz Etymology lzz ccs-pro *-en *-en : -in derivatory affix of causative verbs. Interfix lzz interfix Latin spelling -in- Used to form a causative verb/stem from a noncausative verb/stem lzz ჭვ- to hurt ჭვინ- to hurt someone lzz წაპ- to dribble წაპინ- to drip lzz მტ- to escape მტინ- to smuggle someone lzz ტკობ- to hide ტკობინ- to hide someone Derived terms lzz