-으시-

Jeju Alternative forms jje -시- after vowels and jje ㄹ jje -이시- after stems that end in jje ㅅ, jje ㅈ, or jje ㅊ jje -우시- after stems that end in the labial consonants jje ㅂ, jje ㅁ, & jje ㅍ Etymology Likely jje ko-ear -으시- 1, and it is suggested that it may have come from exiled scholars and government officials from the mainland.2020 Changyong Yang Sejung Yang William O'Grady (professor) William O'Grady 9780824874438 University of Hawai‘i Press 215-216 Jejueo : the language of Korea’s Jeju Island Honolulu, USA https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2qt j.ctvwvr2qt2001 Kim, Jee-hong ko:제주 방언 대우법 연구의 몇가지 문제 A few issues in studies of deference in the Jeju dialect ko:백록어문 17 17 Ultimately from jje oko 賜 *-si. Pronunciation Suffix jje suffix An honorific suffix used primarily with the suffix jje -읍서 formal imperative suffix to show an increased level of deference or social distance. jje 일흠 ᄌᆞᆨ-으십-서. Please write down your name. jje 2020 Changyong Yang; Sejung Yang; William O'Grady (professor) William O'Grady 9780824874438 University of Hawai‘i Press 216 Jejueo: the language of Korea’s Jeju Island Honolulu, USA https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2qt j.ctvwvr2qt 말 ᄀᆞᆯ으십서. Please talk. jje rare An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the subject of the sentence or the direct possessor of it is honored; it attaches directly to the stem, preceding all other suffixes. jje 2020 Changyong Yang; Sejung Yang; William O'Grady (professor) William O'Grady 9780824874438 University of Hawai‘i Press 216 Jejueo: the language of Korea’s Jeju Island Honolulu, USA https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr2qt j.ctvwvr2qt 선싕-님 오-션. The teacher arrived. Usage notes This ending is noted by multiple authors as a recent usage in the Jeju language, as it traditionally does have a complex system of subject honorifics like Korean does.ko:제주도방언의 의문법에 대한 고찰: 서론 A study on the interrogative mood in the Jeju dialect: Introduction 158 ko 한국어교육학회 1975 Hong, Jong-rim 8ko:제주도 방언의 존대법 Honorifics in the Jeju dialect Hyun, Pyung-hyo 1977 ko 국어국문학 74 23 References jje inflectional suffixes Korean Alternative forms ko -시- after vowels and ko ㄹ Etymology From ko okm - -으시〮/ᄋᆞ시〮- -ùsí/òsí-, from ko oko 賜 *-si. Pronunciation Suffix An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the subject of the sentence or the direct possessor of it is honored; it attaches directly to the stem, preceding all other suffixes. ko 얘-야, 형님-은 운동-을 언제 하시냐? Child, when does your older brother do his exercises? ko 손-이 정말 예쁘시네요. Your hand is truly pretty. ko 선생님-께서 여기-로 오신다. The teacher is coming here. ko proscribed An honorific suffix for verbs and adjectives indicating that the addressee (not the subject or the possessor) is honored ko 손님, 문-이 열리시겠습니다. Sir, the door is about to open. Usage notes Honoring may be considered a broad or confusing term, but it indicates that the speaker is implying that the subject (or the possessor of the subject) is above their social status level; this can include people from parents and siblings to chiefs of companies, professionals like doctors, and the president. It can also be used sarcastically, such as when joking with a close friend. Within the older generation, the honorific suffix can be seen used to honor the weather such as ko 비가 오신다 it is raining, this is becoming less and less common though. Traditionally, when a third person is honored, the speaker is implying that the addressee is also below the social status of the third person. As a result, this can come across as rude to the listener if the listener is not actually of such lower status. This use of the honorific is called ko 압존법. However, this principle is increasingly less used among younger speakers, who might instead often consider it impolite to not honor the third person. In the colloquial language, ko -시- is also used to honor the addressee in a conversation to a level greater than that allowed by the ko -습니다 suffix alone. Despite the fact that this is attested since as early as Middle Korean, this form is still generally considered prescriptively wrong, although it remains widespread and may eventually be accepted as standard. As the suffix begins with ko ㅅ, it causes the root ko ㄹ to elide: ko 우시다 for someone to cry from ko 울다 to cry. Some verbs have special forms of honorifics that use a different root. These verbs include: ko 계시다, ko 잡수시다, ko 드시다, etc... See also ko 님, the honorific suffix for many nouns ko -께서, the honorific nominative case suffix ko -옵-, the object honorific Middle Korean Alternative forms okm -으시〮- or okm -ᄋᆞ시〮- following a consonant (including okm ㄹ), and okm -시〮- following a vowel. The okm 시〮 part fuses with a following okm -우- -오〮/우〮- into okm 샤〮 instead of the expected okm 쇼〮. Etymology okm. Maybe grammaticalized from a verb stem (possibly okm 잇다 이시- to exist), as it is one of the strong endings which makes a preceding high~low alternating monosyllabic verb stem surface as high tone.2011 ko:김성규 ko:구결학회 ko 구결연구 ko:성조에 의한 어미의 분류 ―중세국어를 중심으로― Suffix okm suffix -으시〮- A suffix which expresses respect towards the grammatical subject; the subject-honorific suffix okm ko:월인석보25 1459 120a ^王(와ᇰ)-이 ᄯᅩ 무->로ᄃᆡ, "尊者(존쟈)-ㅣ 어듸 가 부텨-를 보-ᅀᆞ->ᄫᆞ시-니ᅌᅵᆺ고?" WANG-i stwo mwul-wotoy, "CWON.CYA-y etuy ka pwuthye-lul pwo-zoW-osi-ni-ngiskwo?" the King again asked, "Where did the [honored] Venerable go see the Buddha?" References