-습니다

Korean Alternative forms ko -ㅂ니다 after vowels or ko ㄹ ko -습나이다 -ㅂ나이다 archaic ko -읍니다 obsolete/proscribed Etymology From earlier ko -ᄉᆞᆸᄂᆡ다 -seumnaeda in the nineteenth century, contracted from ko -ᄉᆞᆸᄂᆞ이다 -seumnaida, used since the seventeenth century. The uncontracted form is still found as ko -습나이다, now archaic. Ultimately formed by a merger of the Middle Korean verbal suffixes -ᄉᆞᆸ〯- -sǒp- object honorific + -ᄂᆞ〮- -nó- present tense marker + -ᅌᅵ- -ngì- addressee honorific for questions + -다〮 -tá declarative mood marker. The allomorph ko -ㅂ니다 after sonorants represents the fact that the Middle Korean object honorific -ᄉᆞᆸ〯- -sǒp- had the allomorph okm -ᅀᆞᆸ〯- -zǒp- after sonorants, which became simply ko -ㅂ- after Middle Korean /z/ was (almost) unconditionally deleted in the sixteenth century. Pronunciation 0 Suffix suffix Declarative suffix for sentence-final verbs in the ko 하십시오체 formal polite speech level. ko 고맙습니다. Thank you. Derived terms ko -스무니다<q:ethnic slur> Related terms ko -습니까 -읍시다 Descendants 1 zh - cmn - 思密達 1 ja ニダ nida References ko 정언학 (Jeong Eon-hak) ko:통합형 어미 '-습니다'류의 통시적 형성과 형태 분석 Gugeo gyoyuk 2006 121 317—356 ko inflectional suffixes