411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-ество
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Russian
Alternative forms
ru -ство
Etymology
ru sla-pro *-ьstvo.
Pronunciation
-ество y
-ество́ y
Suffix
ru suffix noun-forming suffixes n -ество́
suffix appended to nouns and adjectives to create a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state: -hood, -ness, -ity
ru мона́х monk мона́шество monkhood, monasticism
ru одино́кий lonely, solitary одино́чество loneliness, solitude
ru мно́го many мно́жество multitude
ru деви́ца girl деви́чество girlhood
ru князь duke кня́жество duchy
ru вещь thing -ество́ вещество́ substance, matter
ru бо́жий divine -ество́ божество́ deity, divinity
ru пра́здный idle пра́зднество festivity, celebration originally "idleness"
ru есть there is -ество́ естество́ nature, essence
Usage notes
This suffix is used particularly after the hushing consonants ru ч ж ш щ, which may result from the Slavic first palatalization applied to nouns whose roots end in ru к/ц г х ск respectively (or which originally ended in one of these consonants, cf. ru князь < gem-pro *kuningaz). It is also occasionally used when impossible clusters would otherwise result, cf. ru пра́зднество < ru пра́здный and ru естество́ from ru есть.
The longer suffix ru -шество was generalized through rebracketing of nouns with roots ending in ru х.
Declension
a -ество or -ество́
1 a -ество or -ество́
Derived terms
ru
Related terms
ru -шество