-io

Appendix:Variations of "io" Esperanto Etymology eo :der la:-ia 1 From eo la -ia in country names. Pronunciation io Suffix eo suffix eo place a place, usually a country, named after the root, whether that is a people, person, city, or river eo andaluzo Andalusian Andaluzio Andalusia eo Esperanto the Esperanto language Esperantio a notional Esperanto-speaking land eo flandro Fleming Flandrio Flanders eo japano a Japanese person Japanio Japan eo Kaŭkazo the Caucasus Mountains Kaŭkazio the Caucasus region eo Kolumbo Christopher Columbus Kolumbio Colombia eo Niĝero the Niger River Niĝerio Nigeria eo Novjorko New York City Novjorkio New York state eo Romo Rome Romio the Roman Empire eo ŝvabo Swabian Ŝvabio Swabia a science named after its practitioner eo astronomo astronomer astronomio astronomy eo biologo biologist biologio biology eo kirurgo surgeon kirurgio surgery (branch of medicine) eo chemical element -ium; used to form the names of chemical elements eo berilo beryl berilio beryllium eo titano titan titanio titanium eo Urano Uranus uranio uranium Synonyms place eo -ujo for places named after their inhabitants: eo Anglujo England place eo lando is also sometimes used for places named after inhabitants: eo Svedlando = eo Svedio Sweden science eo scienco is used like a suffix with root words to form names of some sciences: eo vulkanoscienco = eo vulkanologio volcanology Derived terms eo eo place eo chemical element Further reading -i -i Finnish Etymology From multiple sources, including extraction from words derived with fi -o from verb stems ending in -i, as well as from earlier and still dialectal -i(j)o, from -ja-i (for labial ai > o, compare plural forms of fi kala-type nouns), from fi -ja + fi -i nominal; in place names, the former component may also derive from an old place name suffix (urj-fin-pro *-ja place). Denominal use may in many cases be transferred from the deverbal suffix. Suffix noun iö Forms nouns from verbs or verbal stems. fi itää to sprout -iö itiö spore (of e.g. mushroom, moss) fi valita to choose valio elite, select Forms nouns from other nouns, adjectives, numbers or their stems. fi yksi one -iö yksiö a one-room apartment fi kolme three kolmio a triangle; a yield sign fi neljä four -iö neliö a square; shorter form for a square meter Declension -io a Derived terms fi References Anagrams fi io oi Ido Etymology Borrowed from io en -ia, io fr -ie, io it -ia, io ru -ия, io es -ia, ultimately from io la -ia, from io grc -ία. Suffix n suffix denoting the country, region, domain, territory or province dependent upon the authority of a person io duko duke; duchess dukio duchy io episkopo bishop episkopio bishopric, diocese, episcopate io paroko parish priest, rector parokio parish io rejo sovereign, ruler, king, queen, monarch rejio kingdom Usage notes A common but false misconception is that countries that end with -ia in Ido, for example io Albania, use this suffix when in fact it's part of the root itself. Though, -io at times can help shape country names to fit; io Mexikia uses the extra i so not to be confused with io Mexiko Mexico City at the same time resembling other country names. Derived terms io Italian Etymology 1 it frequentative :inh<unc> la:-ērium it. Perhaps from it la -ērium. Pronunciation -ìo Suffix m -ii used with verb roots to derive nouns with durative, intensive or frequentative connotation; -le Derived terms it frequentative Etymology 2 it ivo :inh la:-īvus From it la -īvus. Pronunciation -ìo Suffix -ii m -ii it -ivo Derived terms it ivo Etymology 3 it quality of :inh la:-ius From it la -ius. Pronunciation -i̇o,-ìo Suffix -i,-ii added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”; -y Derived terms it quality of Etymology 4 it deverbal it Pronunciation -i̇o<post:stressed on the preceding syllable> Suffix m it uncommon used with verb roots to derive simple deverbal nouns it -o<q:more common> it sgravàre<t:to relieve, to lighten> sgràvio<t:relief, lightening> Derived terms it deverbal Etymology 5 it chemical element :lbor la-new:-ium it la-new -ium. Pronunciation -i̇o,-ìo Suffix m +,-ii forms the name of chemical elements; -ium Derived terms it chemical element Etymology 6 it past historic From it la -īvit via it la-vul -īut. Pronunciation -i̇o,-ìo Suffix verb it Romanesco archaic Dantesque used with a stem to form the third-person singular past historic of regular it -ire verbs it Romanesco dated used with a stem to form the simple past of verbs it ...E poi annamio ar negozio a venne ...And then we used to go to the shop to sell it Indove annavio? Where were you going? Derived terms it -io Latin Etymology 1 la abstract noun :from -ō<id:noun> Suffix la -ō on i-stems. Suffix -iō<3.F> la abstract noun Used to form abstract nouns from verbs. la -tiō -tus action noun -ium la obsideō verb to remain; to besiege obsidiō siege, blockade f la opīnor verb to suppose, deem, opine opīniō opinion, conjecture; reputation; report f Usage notes Relatively unproductive in historical Latin. Declension -iō<3> Derived terms la -io (abstract noun) Further reading Etymology 2 la animate noun -ō<id:noun> 1 Extension of la -ō agent noun (possibly by rebracketing). Suffix -iō<3.M> la animate nounforms animate nouns of various meanings, often colloquial or pejorative forms nouns designating a type of person attached to noun stems, forms nouns referring to a related profession la -ārius -ō la libellus booklet -iō libelliō notary; bookdealer m la lūdus performance, stage play -iō lūdiō stage performer m la mūlus mule -iō mūliō mule-driver m la rare attached to verb stems, forms agent nouns la -ō -a -tor -a¹ agent noun la lēx law rumpō break -iō lēgirupiō law-breaker m also forms names, especially cognomina. la -ō -a -a¹ agent noun la glaber smooth, hairless -iō Glabriō a Roman cognomen la ursus bear -iō Ursiō a Roman cognomen attached to noun stems, forms a diminutive or similar derived noun la caballus horse -iō caballiō pony m la porcellus little pig -iō porcelliō woodlouse m la inanimate nounSuffixed to noun or adjective stems, forms certain nouns designating things; often described as a kind of diminutive. Usage notes Personal appellations ending in -iō appear to have often had a derogatory or pejorative shade of meaning, which in some cases resulted in a sense near that of a diminutive, as in the case of la homunciō.Petersen, Walter, 1910. Greek diminutives in -ION; a study in semantics, pages 194-195 Declension -iō<3> Derived terms la -io (animate noun) la -io (inanimate noun) Etymology 3 la :der ine-pro:*-yeti<id:forming verbs> causative suffix From -i-ō. Ultimately from la ine-pro *-yeti. Suffix 1+.suffix.sigm -iō Used to form factitive verbs from adjectives. Conjugation 1+.suffix.sigm -iō Derived terms la -io causative Etymology 4 la third conjugation la Disputed. Perhaps from la itc-pro *-jō, from la ine-pro *-yéti (first person singular: *-yóh₂). Linguists such as Michael Weiss prefer to connect this class with the PIE thematic ye-suffix, explaining the split between third conjugation la iō-verbs and the fourth conjugation as the result of a series of phonological developments.144 De Vaan and Schrijver, however, connect the suffix with the athematic ablauting i-present type ine-pro *-éyti.41126 Alternative forms la -ō<id:third conjugation> Suffix 3.suffix.sigmpasv -iō -t la unproductive ending of some third conjugation verbs Usage notes Not a productive or meaningful suffix in historical Latin: rather, a frozen relic of the Proto-Indo-European suffix. Seen in small number of third-conjugation base verbs, as well as their prefixed derivatives. These verbs differ from other third-conjugation verbs by using the vowel la -i- before the usual endings of the present, future, imperfect active and passive (see la -ō third conjugation): compare la facio faciō, faciam, faciēbam, etc. (with la -i-) to la dico dīcō, dīcam, dīcēbam, etc. (without la -i-). In contrast, this la -i- does not regularly appear in the perfect stem and supine stem: instead, as usual for Latin third-conjugation verbs, these stems have semi-unpredictable formation patterns that depend on the specific verb (and can be found in the third and fourth principal part, provided these exist). E.g. la capiō has the perfect stem la cēp-, found in la cēpī, whereas la rapiō has the perfect stem la rapu-, found in la rapuī. Conjugation 3.suffix.sigmpasv -iō -t Etymology 5 la -iō fourth conjugation :der ine-pro:*-yéti Ultimately from la ine-pro *-yéti denominative suffix. The question of how it came to be differentiated from third-conjugation la -iō, la -ere still debated. Vine 2012 derives denominatives such as la serviō from ine-pro *serw-e-yé/ó- (with the thematic vowel la *-e- before the suffix), proposing that unaccented Proto-Indo-European ine-pro *-e- came to be assimilated in Italic to an immediately following la *-y-. Alternative explanations include an Italic version of Sievers's law (that is, a prosodically conditioned development of postconsonantal la *-y-* to la *-iy- in certain contexts) or combination of the suffix with stems ending in la *-i-. Some verbs may be derived from backformation from adjectives ending in la -ītus, such as la igniō, whose finite forms are attested later than la ignītus fiery, glowing.ignis 308 Suffix 4++.suffix.sigm -iō la fourth conjugationUsed to form fourth conjugation verbs. Conjugation 4++.suffix.sigm -iō Derived terms la -io (fourth conjugation) Descendants from infinitive -īre: ast -ir ca -ir fur -î gl -ir it -ire oc -ir fro -ir fr -ir pt -ir ro -i -î es -ir References Old Spanish Etymology From osp la -ium, from the adjectival suffix la -ius. Pronunciation osp /ˈ-io/ Suffix osp suffix added to nouns A suffix forming abstract nouns. osp sennor lord, master sennorio dominion, jurisdiction Derived terms osp Descendants es -ío Polish Etymology pl 1 Pronunciation Suffix pl suffix m forms diminutive, sometimes derogatory nouns pl Józef Józio Declension Masculine inanimate: -io -ie -ia -iów -iowi -iom -io -ie -iem -iami -iu -iach -iu -ie Masculine personal: -io -iowie -ia -iów -iowi -iom -ia -iów -iem -iami -iu -iach -iu -ie Derived terms pl Portuguese Etymology 1 pt adjective :inh roa-opt:-io<id:adjective> From pt roa-opt -io, from pt la -īvus. pt -ivo. Pronunciation pt -il<a:BR> Suffix -ive; -y forms adjectives from verbs, indicating a tendency or inclination pt escorregar escorregadio to slip slippery pt arredar arredio to withdraw from withdrawn, solitary Etymology 2 pt collective Pronunciation Suffix m - pt informal forms collectives pt mulher mulherio woman a bunch of women Etymology 3 pt chemistry Suffix m pt chemistry -ium forms the names of chemical elements and isotopes Etymology 4 pt obsolete spelling Pronunciation -iu Suffix pt suffix form pt -iu Derived terms pt split pt Further reading Spanish Etymology es :lbor la-new:-ium<id:abstract suffix> es la-new -ium, from es la -um, based on Latin terms for metals, such as la ferrum iron. Pronunciation raw:/-jo/ - + Suffix m -ium Derived terms es Further reading Welsh Etymology Variant of cy -o, initially after a stem that contained /j/ (for Brythonic /ɣ/ or from palatalization after a diphthong), later extended to other verb stems. Pronunciation cy /jɔ/ Suffix cy suffix Forms verbnouns from verbs and other parts of speech.Category:Welsh verb-forming suffixes Derived terms cy Related terms cy -o Forms verbnouns from verb stems ending in i̯