-겠-

겠 Korean Etymology 1 Contraction of older and synonymous ko -게 하-였-, 게 ᄒᆞ엿 -key hoy-es- in historical spelling.ko:'-겠-'의 형성 과정과 그 의미의 발달 The formation of -keyss- and its semantic development ko:고광모 2002 Gugeohak 39 27—47ko:'-겟-'의 문법화와 확정성 The grammaticalization of -keys- and determinacy ko:이병기 2006 Jindan hakbo 102 163—179ko ko:19세기 초기부터 20세기 초기까지의 한국어는 어떤 모습이었나—주로 문법사적 기술을 중심으로— What did Korean look like from the early 19th century to the early 20th century? From a perspective of grammatical history 2007 Urimalgeul 41 1—40 ko:이현희 게 ᄒᆞ엿 -key hoy-es- has been used with future meaning since the late sixteenth century. In Modern Korean, ko -게 하-였- most literally means "caused [one] to [VERB]", e.g. ko 먹-게 하-였--다 [I] made [him] eat. Hence, there are multiple theories with regards to the semantics. Some believe that the verb ko 하다 in this context was synonymous to ko 되다, and hence that the construction originally had the same meaning as modern ko -게 되-었-, e.g. ko 먹-게 되-었--다 [he] ended up eating. Others believe that the suffix developed from a more reflexive use of the causative, equivalent to modern ko -도록 하-였-, e.g. ko 먹-도록 하-였--다 [he] decided to eat.ko:'-겠-'의 발달에 대한 재론—'-게 하엿-'을 '-게 되엿-'으로 해석하는 견해들에 대한 비판— The development of the prefinal ending -keyss- in Korean revisited: arguments against the views interpreting -key ho-yes as -key twoy-yes- ko:고광모 2017 Eoneohak 79 53—72 Increasingly displaced older future-like ko -으리-. Suffix A general future speculative suffix; it attaches directly to the stem, including the honorific ko -으시-, and precedes another verbal suffix. ko mainly used with 1st person or in quotative sentences will, intend: a suffix indicating that the subject intends to do the action in the future with their own efforts, thus showing their will, determination. ko 다시-는 담배-를 피우지 않겠다! I won't smoke again! ko 철수-가 오늘 김밥-을 먹겠대요. Cheolsu said he would eat kimbap today. will, may: A suffix denoting guess or assumption of varied possibility. ko 내일 비-가 오겠-네-요. Tomorrow it will probably rain. ko 어제 ^모스크바-에서-도 눈-이 내렸겠-지-요? It probably snowed in Moscow too yesterday, right? will, would: A suffix indicating an indirect polite proposal with some degree of future supposition. ko 제-가 말-을 좀 해-도 되겠어요? Would it be okay if I said something? Usage notes difference with ko -을 것이다 ko -겠- and ko -을 것이다 both convey the subject's desire or the speaker's hypothesis, and often have (by extension) a future sense. However, ko -겠- conveys a hypothesis based on the speaker's subjective beliefs or sentiments, or based only on information perceived at the present moment. Meanwhile, ko -을 것이다 conveys a hypothesis based on information exterior to the speaker or beyond that perceived at the present moment. Thus ko 고기-가 맛있-겠--다 means that the speaker feels that the meat will taste good based on what it looks like at the moment of speaking, whereas ko 고기-가 맛있을 거야 means that the speaker has some exterior justification for believing that the meat will taste good—having previously tasted it, for instance. The contrast extends to statements about the subject's desire. Thus ko 저-는 미국-으로 가-겠--습니다 emphasizes the speaker's subjective desire to go to America, while ko 저-는 미국-으로 갈 것입니다 implies that the speaker has not only the desire to go to America, but also some objective reason for believing that they will be able to do so. dialectal differences In southern dialects such as Jeolla and Gyeongsang, this suffix can only be used for prediction. To express one's will or desire, use ko -을라- in Jeolla and northern Gyeongsang, and ko -을끼다 in southern Gyeongsang. Note that ko -을끼다 is the dialectal pronunciation of ko -을 것이다. Alternative forms ko -게엿- -게얏- Early Modern ko -갯- Hamgyong ko -겄- Jeolla, Chungcheong, southern Gyeongsang ko -갔- parts of Gyeonggi, Gangwon ko -갓- Hwanghae, Pyong'an, Yukjin See also ko -을 irrealis adnominal suffix Etymology 2 confirmative From ko okm - -것- -kes-, from -거- -ke- perfective or confirmative marker + -ㅅ- -s- exclamatory marker. It has since merged with the suffix above phonologically. Suffix Used to strongly confirm that something is the case; nowadays, it is typically followed by another clause which draws a conclusion based on that fact. ko 집-에 들어-가기-는 싫고 날씨-도 좋-겠--다, 카페-나 가-볼까? I don't want to go back home, and the weather is really nice; should I just go to a café? ko ko [雉](치)[岳](악)[山](산) 1908 ko:이인직 I 32 ᄀᆡ화-ᄒᆞᆫ 아들 잇-것-다 ᄀᆡ화-ᄒᆞᆫ 며누리 잇-것-다 집-이 잘 되지 망-ᄒᆞᆯ 리-가 있소 We do have a Westernized son, we do have a Westernized daughter-in-law; of course our family will do well, how on earth could it go to ruin? ᄀᆡ/개,ᄒᆞᆫ/한,ᄒᆞᆯ/할 Usage notes The subject of the verb is usually followed by the particle ko -도 even, too. Always followed by ko -다 declarative suffix, even though it is not sentence-final. Alternative forms ko -것- Early Modern, southern dialectal References