-이다

이다 Korean Pronunciation Etymology 1 From ko okm -이〮라〮 -í-lá, from ko oko 是 *i-. For the dialectal politeness particle use, compare ko -요, ko-jeo -이라우, both of which come from the copula. Particle ko particle infinitive -야 or -이야 sequential -이니 ko copula to be. ko 아니다 ko 사람-은 동물-이다. Humans are animals. ko 이 나무-는 큰 편-이다. This tree is on the big side. ko 전쟁-은 바람직하-지 않-은 일-이다. War is undesirable business. ko 악마-도 한때 천사-였다. The Devil was too once an angel. Usage notes The declarative ending ko -다 changes to ko -라 in some environments; see ko -라 for details. In the informal polite form, ko 해요체, after vowels ko -이다 is often pronounced as ko -에요 instead of ko -예요 in many environments. ko -이다 is the Korean positive copula. Along with its negative, ko 아니다, it is sometimes categorized as an adjective, but more often placed in their own grammatical category distinct from both verbs and adjectives. Some grammars classify ko -이다 as a particle and, like a particle, it is appended to the preceding word without an intervening space. For the existential meaning of "be", see ko 있다. Conjugation The chart below is for consonant-final nouns. After a vowel-final noun, the initial vowel ko -이- is deleted when followed by a syllable beginning with a single consonant (ko -야 included), except in quite formal language: ko 돌-이-다 / 바다-다 it's a stone / it's the sea ko 돌-이-야 / 바다-야 it's a stone / it's the sea ko 적-이-겠--다 / 친구-겠--다 he's probably an enemy / he's probably a friend It is not normally deleted when followed by a consonant cluster, except in quite colloquial language: ko 나무-입니다 / 나뭅니다 namu-i-mnida / namu-mnida it is a tree / it is a tree colloquial It is not deleted when used as a noun or adnominal. ko 나무-인 / 나무임 namu-i-n / namu-i-m which is a tree / it being a tree y Particle particle ko eastern _ Jeolla southwestern _ Gyeongsang A particle attached to Korean speech levels#Hae-che intimate-, Korean speech levels#Haera-che plain-, and Korean speech levels#Hao-che semiformal-style verbs and adjectives to add a greater level of politeness. ko -요 Standard Seoul -이라우 Jeolla Alternative forms ko -다 after vowels ko -이더 -더 after consonants Etymology 2 From ko okm -이다 -i-ta. Suffix Attached to certain ideophonic roots to derive verbs without frequentative effect. ko 펄럭 fluttering ideophonic root 펄럭이다 to flutter ko 끄덕 nodding ideophonic root 끄덕이다 to nod See also ko 거리다<q:with frequentative effect> 대다<q:with frequentative effect>