411 REFERENCE · Wiktionary
-wards
Reference material by Wiktionary contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
wards -ward
English
Etymology
en ine-pro *wert-
From en enm -wardes, from en ang -weardes, a variant of ang -weard; equivalent to en -ward -s adverbial adverbial suffix. Cognate with de -wärts, nl -waarts.
Pronunciation
unstressed
en /wədz/ RP
en /wɚdz/ GA
stressed, in the word "towards" only
en /wɔːdz/ RP
en /wɔɹdz/ GA
Suffix
adverb-forming suffixes adjective-forming suffixes
Forming adjectives and adverbs denoting course or direction to, or motion or tendency toward, as in "backwards", "towards", etc.
The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu (Katisha:) At once I go Mikado-wards!
Usage notes
The choice between -ward and -wards is individual or dialectal; both are widely used with adverbs, though -ward is heavily favoured for adjectives.
Adverbs ending in -wards (Anglo-Saxon ang -weardes) and some other adverbs, such as en besides, en betimes, en since (earlier en sithens), etc., originated as genitive forms used adverbially.
Derived terms
en
Related terms
en -ward
Translations
forming adverbs
Dutch: nl -waarts
Finnish: fi -päin
German: de -wärts
Hebrew: he ־ה -a, he ל־ l'-
Latvian: lv -up
Yiddish: yi אַר־
forming adjectives
Dutch: nl -waarts
Anagrams
en adrsw Sward draws sward